【作者】 徐红星；

【导师】 陈维山；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 超声电机由于结构灵活、高精度、响应速度快、无电磁干扰等诸多优点,已成为国内外学者的关注热点。目前理论比较成熟、最具有实用化潜力的旋转超声电机是传统的贴片式行波超声电机和新兴起的换能器式行波超声电机,但二者由于工作原理的限制和结构的缺陷,均存在一定的局限性。本文在分析了上述两类电机弊端的基础上,提出了一种新型的四驱动足纵振复合超声驱动器。该驱动器力求在保留换能器式超声电机利用压电陶瓷d33工作模式的高效率的同时,在结构上突破旋转电机由环形行波驱动的传统思维,将驱动器设计为四个换能器的组合结构,直接在换能器端点设置驱动足驱动转子。该驱动器不仅结构更简单紧凑,而且具备更高的能量转换效率和更大的驱动力矩。对提出的驱动器构型进行理论分析,以考察方案的可行性。从模态分析到模态综合的思路分析了驱动器的复合工作模态;分析了工作模态的激励原理,推导了驱动足质点运动方程,验证了具备良好驱动能力的椭圆轨迹的存在;结合工作模态和驱动足的运动轨迹来考察驱动器在一个振动周期内的致动机理,验证了所有驱动足具备协调一致的驱动能力,从理论上证明了驱动器方案的可行性。借助有限元分析软件进行仿真研究,以确定驱动器的精确尺寸。在理论分析的基础上,通过对纵振换能器的模态分析和瞬态分析,确定其尺寸参数;设计了能满足结构和预紧要求的锯齿形弹簧块,通过静态分析,确定其锯齿参数;最后建立整个驱动器的有限元模型,进行模态分析、瞬态分析、谐响应分析,通过仿真结果确定驱动器各部分的最终尺寸。本文制作了实验样机,并对其进行了阻抗匹配,搭建了实验测试平台,对样机的各项性能进行测试,验证了理论分析和仿真设计的正确性,并针对测量结果与理论和仿真分析的偏差,分析了其原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ultrasonic motor(USM) is due to the structure, high precision and quick response and no electromagnetic interference, and many other advantages, has become the attention of scholars at home and abroad. Currently, the most mature and practical motor, the traditional patch-type traveling wave USM and the fashioned traveling wave USM using ceramic transducer, due to the limitations of working principle and unreasonable structure, have certain defects.This paper analyzes the disadvantages of the two kinds of afore-mentioned motor, puts forward a new kind of ultrasonic driver composed by four longitudinal transducer and four driving feet located of both the end points of transducer. The ultrasonic driver retains the efficient d33 coupling mode. Breaking through the traditional thinking of motor is driven by circular wave, the ultrasonic driver is designed based on four transducer composite structure, with four feet driving the rotor directly. The ultrasonic driver not only have more simple and compact structure, also have higher energy conversion efficiency and stronger driving torque.To examine the feasibility of the scheme, this paper theoretically analysis on ultrasonic driver. According to the idea of from the modal analysis to the modal synthesis, this paper discusses composite work modal of the ultrasonic driver, explores the principle of stimulating this work modal, motion equation, deduces the motion equation of the particle on driving foot, verify the oval tracks which have good ability to drive rotor, combining the working mode and driving foot trajectory to investigate the vibration of ultrasonic driver in a cycle of motivation, confirms that all driving feet have driving ability in phase, proved the feasibility of the ultrasonic driver scheme in theory.Based on the finite element analysis software, simulation research is conducted to determine the exact dimensions of the ultrasonic driver. On the basis of theoretical analysis, through the modal analysis and transient analysis of longitudinal transducer, its size parameters are determined; To meet the requirement of special structure and pre-tightening, the saw-tooth-shaped spring pieces are designed, and by static analysis, all its serrated parameters can be determined; Finally, establish the finite element model of the ultrasonic driver, and produce modal analysis, transient analysis, and the harmonic response analysis. Simulation results determine the sizes of each part of ultrasonic driver eventually.This paper makes a prototype, and analyses the impedance matching, build a simple test platform for measuring the various mechanical characteristics of prototype, verifies the correctness of theory analysis and simulation, and according to the deviation of measurement results and theoretical analysis and simulation, discusses the reasons.更多还原