【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 董惠娟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械电子， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 “蜡沉积”是目前影响原油开采和管道集输的一个难题。常用的清防蜡方法或耗能大、成本高,或需停井作业,或影响原油的物性,且防蜡效果不明显,不能从根本上消除蜡沉积。超声电磁复合防蜡将超声波降粘技术和磁防蜡降粘技术相结合,是原油防蜡降粘的一种新方法。超声波可以改变蜡晶形态,抑制蜡晶生长,分散蜡晶颗粒,有效地降低原油的粘度,在不污染地层的前提下降低原油管输过程中的能耗;磁处理技术以其设备安装简单、使用方便、无污染、成本低等特点广泛地应用于油田原油集输。本文主要通过实验研究超声电磁复合作用的防蜡降粘效果。在分析原油成分和石蜡沉积特性的基础上,对超声防蜡、磁防蜡的作用机理进行了深入的研究,并探讨了超声电磁复合防蜡降粘的作用机理。为了提高辐射声功率,采用了换能器阵的超声振动系统。基于所设计的压电换能器,对换能器阵进行性能测试,采用串联电感法对其进行调谐匹配。根据Huygens积分定理,推导了圆形活塞换能器组成的组合平面线列阵的指向性函数和声场声压分布函数,并对其进行了数值模拟,确定了换能器阵的有效声场范围,设计了原油超声波防蜡降粘实验装置,为下一步实验提供了条件。采用粘温曲线法,分别研究了超声、电磁及声磁复合防蜡的效果。实验研究了超声处理时间、换能器工作电流、温度对超声防蜡降粘效果的影响;考察了磁场强度、磁处理时间对磁防蜡效果的影响;以换能器工作电流、超声作用时间、磁场强度为考察因素,通过正交实验法研究了各因素对原油降粘效果的影响程度及最佳的复合防蜡参数组合:换能器工作电流0.2A,处理时间3min,磁场强度62 mT,同时发现声磁复合防蜡效果要略优于单一场的效果,并研究了含蜡量对复合防蜡效果的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 “Paraffin deposition”is a key problem on gathering and transportation of crude oil. Lots of methods used to paraffin-controlling are great in energy consumption, or high in cost, or need stoping well operations, or affect the physical properties of crude oil, and the effect is limited, can not eliminate the wax deposition fundamentally. Complex technology of ultrasound and magnetic was a new method of viscosity reduction. Ultrasound can change the shape of paraffin crystals, inhibit the growth of paraffin crystals, dispease paraffin crystal particles, and effectively reduce the viscosity of crude oil, lower energy consumption of transfering the crude oil withour pollution formation. Magnetic treatment was widely used in gathering and transporting crude oil because it is simple installation, easy to use, no pollution and low cost. This paper study of paraffin viscosity reducing effect of electromagnetic complex role of ultrasound by experiment.Based on analysis of the oil composition and paraffin deposition characteristics, analyse the paraffin-controlling mechanism of ultrasound and magnetic, discuss the paraffin-controlling mechanism of complex technology of ultrasound and magnetic.To improve the radiated power, using transducer array ultrasonic vibration system. Based on the design of piezoelectric transducers, test the performance of the transducer array using series inductance method to match the tuning. According to Huygens integral theorem, derived directivity function generated by circular piston transducer composed of a combination of plane linear arrayand and sound field and pressure distribution function, and numerical calculation was carried out, determine the the sound field effective range of transducer array, design experimental device to reduce viscosity of crude oil by ultrasonic, provid conditions for the next experiment.With viscosity-temperature curve, respectively analyse the paraffin-controlling effect of ultrasound, magnetic and complex technology of ultrasound and magnetic. Experimental study the affect to paraffin-controlling effect of ultrasonic processing time, the transducer current and the temperature, investigate the affect to paraffin-controlling effect of magnetic field strength and magnetic treatment time. After the orthogonal experiment, determine the effect level to the crude oil viscosity of each factor which include ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, the magnetic field strength and the best parameters combination to reduce viscosity: transducer operating current is 0.2A, processing time is 3 min, magnetic field strength is 62mT, and find that the paraffin-controlling effect of complex technology is better than only one field, the subject also study the affect to paraffin-controlling effect of the paraffin content in crude oil.更多还原