【作者】 蒋大千；

【导师】 崔淑梅； 宋立伟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电气工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 永磁同步电机以其高效率,高功率密度的特点,成为目前混合动力汽车驱动电机中最有优势的电机类型,具有广阔的应用前景。与此同时,为了实现混合动力汽车动力性能和能源利用方面的要求,电机应具有良好的功率和效率特性,这使得混合动力汽车驱动用永磁同步电机在电机设计,参数计算以及相关关键技术的研究和应用方面还存在着许多需要改进的方面,如整个工作区域内多工作点的效率优化,提高弱磁扩速能力和峰值功率能力等,这些都与传统的电机设计和性能优化存在很大的不同。而现阶段,这些问题还没有得到合理而全面的解决,制约了混合动力汽车驱动用永磁同步电机的发展。本论文主要就混合动力汽车驱动用永磁同步电机的参数计算以及提高性能的设计方法展开研究。针对不同磁路结构的永磁同步电机模型,采用有限元仿真的方法,计算了矩角特性,在此基础上提出了磁阻转矩分析及电抗参数计算方法,并依此进行了磁路结构的选取。推导了恒功率区功率特性的数学表达式,分析了定子齿槽比变化对交轴同步电抗的影响,从优化交轴磁路饱和程度的角度提出了提高弱磁扩速能力的具体措施。提出了一种解析和有限元仿真相结合的确定转子偏心结构的方法,分别分析了偏心距、偏心圆半径以及极弧系数的变化对气隙磁密正弦性的影响,将多变量解耦分析,得到了各次谐波含量的变化规律。从电机本体的角度分析了绕组温升,永磁体稳定性等因素对电机峰值功率能力的制约,根据分析结果提出了改进永磁同步电机峰值功率能力的措施。通过分析永磁同步电机的似V形曲线,从效率优化的角度提出了电机设计时空载反电势的选取方法。总结了适合不同工作点效率分析的损耗计算公式,提出了高效率区间位置和范围的评价指标,在此基础上分析了基速点移动对高效率区间的影响。采用上述的电机设计方法,结合相关关键技术的理论分析设计并制造了样机,搭建了试验台架,对电机的电抗参数,效率MAP图,温升,转矩波动等进行了测试,通过理论分析结果,仿真结果和测试结果的对比,验证了上述分析的正确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thanks to the characteristics of high efficiency and power density, permanent magnet synchronous motor has become the most dominant type used as a HEV traction motor and has a wide application prospect.At the same time, in order to achieve the propulsion performance and energy use requirements, the motor should have excellent power and efficiency characteristics. Therefore there are still many areas for improvements in aspects of motor design, parameters calculation and research of related key technologies such as multi-points efficiency optimization in the whole work area, improvement of flux-weakening and peak power abilities. These are very different from traditional motor design and performance optimization. Currently, these issues have not been resolved comprehensively and reasonably so that the development of PMSM in HEVs is restricted.This paper will focus on parameters calculation and design method for performance improvements of PMSM in HEVs.For the PMSM models of different magnetic circuit structure, the torque-power angle characteristic is calculated and a analysis method of reluctance torque and reactance is proposed. Based on this a rational magnet circuit structure is selected for the prototype.Combined with related control strategy, the mathematical expressions of power characteristics in constant power area are derived. The effects on q-axis synchronous reactance of the ratio of tooth and slot width are analyzed. A specific measure is put forward to improve the flux-weakening ability based on optimization of saturation level of q-axis magnetic circuit.A design method of rotor eccentric circle based on analytical method and FEM is proposed. The effects on sine level of air-gap flux density of eccentric length, radius of eccentric circle and pole-arc coefficient are respectively analyzed so that the variation law of various of harmonic content is obtained.The restrictions to peak power ability of winding temperature rise and permanent magnet stability are analyzed. According to the results some measures of improving peak power ability of PMSM are proposed.A selection method of no-load back EMF in motor design process is put forward by analyzing the v-shaped curve from the point of efficiency optimization. The loss equations suitable for efficiency analysis at different operating points and the measure principle of location and extent of high efficiency zone are proposed. The effects on high efficiency area of movement of base-speed point are analyzed based on the principle.According to the above design method, a prototype is designed and manufactured combined with the theoretical analysis of related key technologies. A test bed is set up and the reactance, efficiency map, temperature rise and torque fluctuation of prototype are tested. The analysis is verified by the comparison of analysis, simulation and test results.更多还原