【作者】 高静；

【导师】 杨贵杰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电气工程， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们生活水平的提高,洗衣机已悄然成为一件生活必需品进入千家万户。进入二十一世纪以后,由社会的高速发展带来的能源危机受到了空前的关注,这对洗衣机提出了新的要求,节能、环保、低噪音的洗衣机受到越来越多的关注。永磁同步电动机(PMSM)因其功率密度高、高效节能、结构简单以及易于维护等诸多优点,越来越多的应用于滚筒洗衣机场合。本文研究了直驱式滚筒洗衣机用永磁同步电机驱动系统的相关关键技术,对位置检测,矢量控制和脱水状态下的弱磁控制进行了深入的分析,并设计了基于8位单片机的滚筒洗衣机用永磁同步电机驱动系统,实现了洗涤和脱水功能。论文首先建立永磁同步电机的数学模型,介绍矢量控制原理,分析比较两种常用的电流控制方法,结合滚筒洗衣机的工况,确立永磁同步电机的控制策略,总结出滚筒洗衣机用永磁同步电机驱动系统的两大关键技术——位置检测和高速运行。其次,针对滚筒洗衣机用永磁同步电机位置估算技术进行深入的分析。介绍基于开关霍尔传感器的两种磁极位置估算算法的原理,用改进的位置估算仿真模型对两种位置估算算法进行比较分析,在此基础上,结合系统的硬件条件,确定适合滚筒洗衣机的位置估算算法。通过对位置估算算法的误差分析,提出一种改进的分段位置估算算法,并对改进算法的有效性和优越性进行实验验证。再次,针对滚筒洗衣机用PMSM的弱磁控制技术进行分析。分析普通弱磁控制和最大功率弱磁控制算法的基本原理。讨论电机参数变化对扩速能力和弱磁状态下稳态运行性能的影响,总结弱磁控制算法的设计原则。设计直接以直轴电流为控制量的弱磁控制系统,并通过系统仿真验证本文所提出的弱磁控制方法的可行性。最后,搭建基于8位单片机XC878的实验平台,编写洗涤和脱水两种工作状态下的电机运行程序,通过实验验证本文所设计的滚筒洗衣机用永磁同步电机驱动系统能够达到洗涤和脱水两种工作状态的要求。实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能,具有较大的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of people’s life, washing machine has become a necessity in every household. The energy crisis followed with the overwhelming development of society has attracted more and more attention in the 21st century. New requirements such as multifunction, energy saving and low-noise are proprosed in the area of washing machine. Because of high power density, high efficiency, simple structure and other advantages, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is more and more widely used in washing machine.The key techniques in the direct drive(DD) PMSM systems in the drum-washing applications are studied in the paper. The rotor position detection algorithm, FOC strategy and field-weakening control in the dewater mode are researched. The DD PMSM systems which can meet the requirements of both wash and dewater mode is designed based on the 8 bit MCU.Firstly, the control strategy is proposed based on the mathematical model and the working condition of drum washing machine. In addition, the two key techniques of pole position estimation and high speed operation are pointed out.Secondly, as one of the two key techniques in the drum washing machine, the position estimation technique based on three switch hall sensors is discussed in detail. The appropriate position estimation technique is determined based on the simulation results which are obtained from the improved simulation model of the position estimation. An improved method to reduce the estimation error is designed with the consideration of hardware condition. The experiment result shows the advantage and the practical value of the proposed method.Thirdly, the second key technique of field weakening control is deeply analyzed. The normal field weakening control method and the maximum power field weakening method are presented in the paper. Then the paper discusses the influence of the PMSM parameters on the performances of the system. A control system which directly using direct axis current as the control parameter is proposed, the simulation results indicate the feasibility and validity of the new scheme.Finally, the experimental platform of DD PMSM system used in drum washing machine is built based on the XC878. Experiment results show that the pole position estimation and field weakening strategy are both effective. The dynamic and static performance can satisfy the requirements in both wash and dewater mode .更多还原