【作者】 郭俊超；

【导师】 胡志刚；

【作者基本信息】 河南科技大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 人体膝关节是人体最大、最复杂的关节之一,也是一个发病率较高的关节。研究膝关节的生物力学问题,分析各组成部分的应力载荷分布,建立符合人体解剖结构的膝关节生物力学模型,得到符合真实结构的力学、动力学参数,一直以来都是生物力学研究领域的重点。自从有限元分析技术在计算生物力学领域得到广泛应用以来,已经渗透到生物力学研究的各个领域,如何建立符合人体解剖结构的膝关节生物力学有限元模型,并对其结构进行有效的力学分析和准确的预测,得到可靠的数据,应用于临床治疗、医学研究、生物机械设计的应用、假肢设计、矫正手术以及医学快速成型等领域,仍然是迫切需要解决的问题。本文针对建立完整步态周期内膝关节的生物力学模型的方法和分析结果,总结如下:1.通过ADAMS软件建立膝关节的动力学模型,模型包括骨骼、肌肉、韧带和半月板,模型更加符合真实的膝关节解剖结构。通过对一个完整周期内膝关节运动的模拟仿真计算,得到了膝关节在有、无半月板时,胫骨—股骨的接触力、主要韧带和肌肉的拉力随时间变化的规律,为进一步的有限元分析提供了动态数据参数。2.利用从医学影响中得到的膝关节CT断层扫描数据,通过医学三维重建,建立膝关节的股骨--胫骨—腓骨的三维实体模型,通过有限元软件进行了面网格和体网格的转化,根据骨骼成份和密度的不同,给模型辅材料属性,建立符合真实膝关节结构的有限元模型。3.利用胫骨—股骨接触力随时间变化的动态参数,对半月板模型进行了有限元分析,主要分析了半月板在步态周期内动态的应力应变及其在相应步态周期中的位移和变形情况,从而得到了整个膝关节模型实际受力状态和规律,为以后进一步研究人体膝关节的生物力学特性提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The largest and most complex joint of the human body is knee joint, which is the higher incidence. Studying knee biomechanics, analyzing the various components of the stress and load distribution, establishing knee joint model with corresponding the human body and obtaining the mechanical parameters of the real biomechanics structure, people has always been focusing on biomechanical research. Since the technique of finite element analysis has been widely used in the calculation of the field of bio-mechanics, the method has penetrated into all fields of bio-mechanics research. Many things are still an urgent need to solve the problem, such as, how to create a biomechanical model of knee with accordant anatomy and the effective analysis and accurate forecasts of its structure, how to make reliable data used in clinical treatment, medical research, bio-mechanical design applications, prosthetic design, corrective surgery and rapid prototyping, and so on. In this paper, what methods to create a completely biomechanical model of the knee joint and analytical methods to analyze, my main tasks are as following:1. Through the ADAMS software, knee joint model will be added the major muscles, ligaments and menisci to improve the perfect structure, which makes the model more realistic and reliable. Simulation of normal gait is carried out in the software, I obtained the contact force of tibia-femur, the main ligaments and muscle tension with corresponding time with meniscus or not, so reliable parameters will prepare for further finite element analysis.2. I establish the femur-tibia-fibula three-dimensional solid model of the knee through the knee CT and the medical three-dimensional reconstruction. The surface mesh is exchanged into the body mesh, the material properties is assigned to the model according to the difference of the bone composition and density, It is in accordance with the real knee.3. The model of the meniscus will be analyzed through the effect of dynamic parameters about tibial-femoral contact force with time-varying, analyzes mainly contain the dynamic stress-strain and the corresponding displacement and deformation with the meniscus in the gait cycle, Thus the actual state and the regular force of the entire knee joint model will be gained, which will be prepared for analyzing biomechanical properties of knee joint any further.更多还原