信托制度对完善公司制度的研究

【作者】 刘芮君；

【导师】 郑泰安；

【作者基本信息】 四川社会科学院 ， 经济法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 具有独立的法人人格,是公司制度引以为傲的一个基本特征,正基于此,使得公司制度处于无法摆脱的困境之中:大股东利用控股地位把风险转移到众多中小股东的头上,而中小股东无法从现有法律中寻求有效的保护;“董事会中心主义”和“股东大会中心主义”的选择存在着不可避免的公司控制权之争;公司的营利性天性使得其与环境保护以及诸如职工、公司债权人等存在着无法调和的矛盾。面对以上困境,目前学术界大多是从公司系统内部入手,寻求解决之道,而本文则是跳出公司制度,从与其具有极大相似性的信托制度入手,探索其对公司制度的可能完善。公司制度与基于合同成立的信托制度看似并无联系,但实质都是一种财产转移和管理方式,而且均体现为财产所有权和经营权的分离,两者的相似性质为信托制度完善公司制度提供了可能。本文从信托制度的起源、在各国的发展历程,以及信托财产与信托关系人的权利义务关系入手,分析了信托制度在很多方面存在优势,并从理论、实践和历史发展等方面论证了其完善公司制度的必要性和可能性。并基于以上论证,最终提出了信托制度对于我国国有企业改制、公司管理层信托义务的承担等方面都存在较强的借鉴意义,并提出相关建议。本文的主要内容包括:前言。主要包括问题的提出,相关资料的文献综述,本文研究方法以及本文的逻辑结构,从整体上对本文进行了阐述。第一章:信托的起源。该章阐述了信托制度的起源,总结了信托制度起源的三种观点:英国起源说,罗马法起源说和萨尔曼共同起源说。对于三种学说主张的依据和针对其的反对意见都做了详细的归纳,从历史发展的角度加深了对信托制度的认识。第二章:信托在英、美、日等国的确立与相关问题。该章首先阐述了信托制度在各国的确立和发展状况,接着对作为信托的核心的信托财产进行分析,最后理清了信托制度中相关人的权利与义务关系,从信托制度的各个层面进行了剖析,为此后论证其与公司制度的关系打下基础。第三章:信托制度完善公司制度的必然性——公司制度所面临的困境。该章通过分析公司制度所面临的诸如中小股东权益保护、社会责任承担等困惑,分析了其产生此状况的根本原因在于公司制度本身,体现了信托制度的优越性,也论证了信托制度对于公司制度完善的必然性。第四章:信托制度完善公司制度历史经验。该章对公司制度的发展历史的研究,揭示其在遭遇过于严苛的法律约束的情况下每每寻求信托制度帮其渡过难关的事实,并阐明了公司制度与信托制度交汇的历史,论证了信托制度完善公司制度的历史经验。第五章:信托制度对公司制度完善的现实可能。该章从理论和实践两个方面展开,论证了公司制度借鉴吸收信托制度的现实可能性,为第六章最后提出信托制度对于我国公司制度完善建议打下基础。第六章:信托制度完善我国公司制度的建议。该章提出了信托制度对于我国公司制度完善的相关建议,主要包括利用信托制度对我国国有企业改制的完善以及引入高管人员后契约义务和经营判断规则等,并加以论述。结论。主要是基于本文的论述,提出了信托制度对于我国国有企业改制、公司管理层信托义务的承担等方面都存在较强的借鉴意义,并提出相关建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With independent legal personality, is proud of the company system, an essential feature, is based on this feature can make company systems are not out of the dilemma: big shareholders holding the status of the transfer of risk to the large number of small shareholders head, while the minority shareholders can not be from the existing law to seek effective protection; "Board centrism" and "shareholder meeting centrism" There is the inevitable choice of corporate control disputes; the company makes its profit-making nature environmental protection as well as employees, creditors and so there are irreconcilable contradictions. The face of these difficulties, most of the current academic system from within the company to start to find solutions, but this company is out of the system, from its great similarity to the trust the system, explore the possibility of improving the company’s system.Company system and the establishment of a trust-based contract system did not appear linked, but are a kind of real property transfer and management, and property are reflected in the separation of ownership and management rights, the similarities between the nature of the system for the Trust and Corporate possible. In this paper, the origin of the trust system, in the national development process, and the trust relationship between property and people’s rights and obligations of the trust relationship, analyzing the trust system, there is advantage in many areas, and from the theory, practice and historical development, and so proved its perfect Necessity and possibility of the company system. Based on the above arguments, the end proposed trust system for State Enterprises, the company’s commitment to the management fiduciary duties such as reference, there were good, some suggestions.The main contents include:Preface. Mainly includes the problem put forward relevant data of literature review, this paper, the research methods and the logical structure, from the whole of this is discussed in this paper. The first chapter: the origin of the trust. This chapter describes the origin of trust system, summarizes the origin of trust system three point: British origin, the Roman law origin and common origin. Sahlman For three kinds of theories of basis and for its objections are made detailed history, from the Angle of the trust system has deepened the understanding.Chapter 2: trust in Britain, the United States, Japan and other countries of the establishment and the related problems. This chapter describes the trust system in the first national condition the establishment and development of the trust, then as the core of the trust property is analyzed, finally the relevant people’s trust in the system, the relationship between the rights and obligations of each level from the trust system are analyzed, and the company since its foundation. The relationship of system.Chapter 3: trust system consummation company system of inevitability, company system dilemmas. This chapter through the analysis of the company system such as the minority shareholder rights protection, social responsibility, etc, analyses the root causes of the situation is that companies system itself, reflected the trust of institutional advantages, also demonstrates the trust system to improve the inevitability of company system.Chapter 4: trust system consummation company system historical experience. This chapter in the history of the development of the company, the research on the legal constraints is harsh encounter the situation often seek for their trust system through the facts, and illustrates the company system and trust system, demonstrates the history of trust system consummation company system historical experience.Chapter 5: trust system of company system consummation of reality. This chapter from two aspects of theory and practice, demonstrates the company system from the real possibility absorb trust system for the sixth chapter, finally puts forward the trust system our company system for improvement Suggestions to lay the foundation.Chapter 6: perfecting the system of trust companies. This chapter for our trust system puts forward Suggestions of perfecting the system of company, mainly including the use of our trust system of the state-owned enterprise restructuring and introducing senior executives and contractual duty and operating rules, and judgment.Conclusion. This paper is mainly based on the system, and puts forward the trust for our state-owned enterprise restructuring, the management of the company undertake trust obligations, there are strong, and the significance and puts forward related suggestions.更多还原