【作者】 谢鑫；

【导师】 彭中波；

【作者基本信息】 重庆交通大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 世界船舶科技迅猛发展,船舶工业成为高新技术应用的重要领域,现代造船技术从模式到工艺都发生了质的变化,安全和环保技术成为世界船舶科技发展中的新热点。船舶管系是船舶的重要组成部分,犹如人体的血管,它们是联系主辅机和各有关设备的脉络,大多数处于潮湿、高温、振动的恶劣环境中,泄漏难以避免,成为影响船舶安全航行的重大隐患,轻则影响船舶正常运行,重则可以导致设备或结构失效发生沉没事故。因此船舶管道的泄漏检测与定位具有十分重要的现实意义。本文主要完成了以下研究:1)在分析船舶典型管系的泄漏机理后,搭建了典型船舶的动力管路模拟系统。2)选择适当的传感器,并在指定管道间安装了压力变送器和超声波流量计,利用数据采集卡对压力和流量信号进行了实时的采集。3)由于外界或者电路内部的影响,所采集的原始数据包含了信号和噪声。有时信号的变化与噪声的幅度相当,使得信号变化趋势被淹没,后面的数据分析结果不能获得预期的效果。本研究结合了小波降噪、小波变换与负压波相关分析的方法实现了对船舶管道泄漏监测定位。4)实验系统的软件部分利用了虚拟仪器LABVIEW。在LABVIEW软件平台上所编制的系统能够完成对信号的接收、处理和分析等过程,并且在此基础上,系统可以通过对数据的分析判断管路是否发生泄漏并能够定位出泄漏点。本文构建了一个集实验操作、数字化采集、小波分析、虚拟仪器技术融合的基本框架,实现了船舶管道泄漏监测的初步工作,为以后进一步开展相关研究奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The marine science and technology developed rapidly. Shipbuilding industry has become an important application of high-tech. The model and the process of modern shipbuilding technology changed dramatically. Safety and environmental technology has become a new hot spot of shipping technology. Like the body’s blood vessels, the piping system is an important part of the ship. It is the link between the main and auxiliary engine and relevant equipment. They are distributed in various parts of ship, most in the wet, heat, vibration and harsh environment. It is difficult to avoid leakage of piping. Pipeline leakage has become a major hazard of the navigation safety. It can impact the normal operation of the ship, and even can make equipment or structural failure. the failure maybe will result in sinking accident. So the ship pipeline leakage detection and location are with great practical significance.The following studies have been completed:1)The structure of a typical ship’s power line simulation system has been constructed after analyzing the principle of typical piping system.2)The suitable sensor has been selected. The pressure transmitter and the ultrasonic flow meter have been installed on the given pipe. Real-time pressure and flow signals have been acquired by data acquisition card.3)Because of the influence of environment and circuit, the original data include signal and noise. Change of the signal is almost as much as the extent of noise, sometimes. It makes the tendency of signal submerged. Expected results can not be got by the following data analysis. Ship piping leakage monitoring and location are achieved by wavelet de-noising, wavelet transform and negative pressure wave analysis method in this study.4)LABVIEW virtual instrument is used in the experimental system. The system based on LABVIEW software platform can complete the signal receiving, processing and analysis, and on this basis, the system can determine through the analysis of the data whether the leakage happened and where the leakage point is.The basic frame which including experimental operation, data acquisition, analysis,integration of the virtual instrument technology has been established, the preliminary work of ship pipeline leakage monitoring has been done, and this is the foundation of further research.更多还原