中国行政听证制度研究

【作者】 韩洪；

【导师】 陈辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 作为现代民主社会政府行使公共权力的重要程序设计,行政听证将会对整个社会的民主政治建设和社会公平产生十分重要的影响。听证制度为政府解决公共问题提供了良好的机制,通过它把利益相关方召集到一起,使公共问题的解决用利益表达和利益博弈的方式吸收公众意见,解决社会矛盾,同时对公共权力进行约束和监督,是我国政治实践的一个重大突破。1996年我国颁布《行政处罚法》,自此听证程序被正式引入,听证制度已经成为我国政府提高行政能力的一种举足轻重的手段,听证活动也开始逐渐被广大人民群众熟知了解并得到一定程度上的认同。听证制度作为一种程序性安排,为公民提供了与政府的平等话语权,在政府和公民之间形成一个有效沟通的平台,为公共问题的解决提供一个利益博弈的场所,在当代的政治实践中具有十分重要的现实意义和制度价值,对于实现社会公正具有十分重要的作用。行政听证的价值实现取决于行政听证制度体系的构建和运行,行政听证制度的设计是否科学,实施条件是否具备,运行机制是否完善,都直接影响行政听证价值的实现程度。必须妥善处理好行政听证制度在构建和运行过程中出现的公正与效率之间的矛盾,平衡公正与效率的最佳结合点,达到政治公平与经济公平之间的有效呼应。本文基于制度公正视角,全面审视当前我国行政听证制度,从制度环境、制度设计以及制度运行等多个角度、多个层面阐述了出现困境梗阻的原因,进而提出推进当前我国行政听证制度公平实现的对策。本文共有四章组成。第一章为绪论,主要介绍选题的缘由及意义、核心概念的界定、国内外研究现状、论文研究的问题和方法;第二章阐述了制度公正视角下的行政听证,包括了制度公正视角下行政听证的理论价值、实践意义以及中国行政听证的产生和发展,高度关注我国目前行政听证制度的公平现状；第三章基于制度公正视角进一步探讨了当前我国行政听证制度缺失公正的表现及原因,制度公正包括两个方面：一方面强调制度本身是公正的;另一方面是制度运行需要公正。因此本文从宏观制度和微观制度全面审视当前中国的行政听证制度缺失公正和有悖公正的表现；第四章根据困境表现结合制度公正理论,提出实现我国行政听证制度公正的有效建议。将行政听证的价值追求转化为现实可能,应从内外两个方面努力：一方面要营造一个良好的民主政治氛围,为行政听证的制度建构创造良好的外部环境,包括政府职能转变、市场经济推动、政治文化培养、监督制度建立、相关法律完善等,这是建构和实施行政听证制度实现行政听证价值的外在条件；另一方面,要从行政听证自身的制度设计和制度运行中真正找到实现制度公正的有效措施,这是实现行政听证价值的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important program design which the government performs public power in the modern democratic society,administrative hearing will produce very important influence on the whole social democratic political construction and social justice produce.The government calls the stakeholders together through the hearing system, providing places for interests expression, speaking out freely in order to solve the problem of public. By absorbing the public opinions to solve social contradictions, it is also an important breakthrough to restrain and practice of public power. Since the administrative punishment law which was published in our country in 1996 introduced the hearing procedure formally, the hearing system has become a kind of indispensable means to promote administrative ability. The hearings begin to go into the life of broad masses gradually. As an institutional arrangement, the hearing system forms a communication platform between the government and citizens, providing equal rights for citizens with the government. As a procedural arrangement, it has very important role for realizing social justice. The construction and implementation of the administrative hearing system will eventually affect the value of administrative hearing. The realization degree of the administrative hearing value is closely related to the reasonable of administrative hearing system. Must handle the contradictions between justice and efficiency, achieve the best combined with justice and efficiency. The article is based on the perspective of institution justice, reviewing the administrative hearing system comprehensively. It expounds the dilemma encountered obstruction reasons in multiple levels many aspects from system environment, system design to system operation, and then raise the countermeasures of realizing the current administrative hearing system justice in china.This chapter has four components. The first chapter is introduction which mainly introduces the reasons, significances, definition of the core concepts, problems and methods of the research.The second chapter elaborate the administrative hearing in the perspective of institution justice, including the theory value and practical significance of the administrative hearing system which is under the perspective of institution justice as well as the emergence and development of the Chinese administrative hearing.It has high attention on current fair status of administrative hearing system in China. The third chapter discusses performances and reasons of missing justice of the current administrative hearing system further, based on system justice perspective. Institutional justice includes two aspects:on one hand it emphasizes that system itself is fair; On the other hand system operation needs to be justice. This article reviews the performance in lacking justice and going against justice of the present administrative hearing system in China comprehensively from the macro and micro system. The fourth chapter proposes the effective proposals about realizing system justice of administrative hearing, according to trouble performance and combining institution justice theory.Put the value pursuit of administrative hearing into reality may, efforts should be giving from two aspects inside and outside. On one hand, we should create a good atmosphere of democratic politics to create a good external environment for the system construction of administrative hearing, including the transformation of government functions, market economy driving, political culture training, supervision system establishment and relevant legal perfecting etc, which is construction and implementation of administrative hearing system realizing administrative hearing external conditions of value; On the other hand, we should find out effective measures to realize institution justice from its own system design and system operation, which is the key value of realizing administrative hearing.更多还原