我国公共危机治理中的公民参与问题研究

【作者】 孔芳芳；

【导师】 韩秀景；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 面对日益频发的公共危机事件,传统单一的政府治理模式暴露出固有的局限性。伴随着广大公民的参与意识日渐觉醒,参与热情和参与能力也不断提高。因此,将公民参与引入到公共危机治理中来,对于探寻我国公共危机治理新模式,更有效治理公共危机,具有重要的现实意义。本文从公民参与的角度入手,对公共危机治理进行了有益的探索与尝试。在前人对公共危机研究的基础上,阐述了公民参与公共危机治理的相关概念和理论基础,试图用这些理论指导和分析公共危机治理中的公民参与问题的必要性。接着分析了公民参与对公共危机治理的重要作用,并着重探讨了我国公民参与公共危机治理存在的问题,从参与意识、参与时效、参与的制度性、参与的有序性四个方面进行表述,主要表现在参与意识淡薄、参与结果质量不高、参与的制度性和法治化程度低、有组织的规范化的理性参与不够。根据危机治理中公民参与存在的问题,重点分析导致上述现状的原因,主要原因概括起来有：观念障碍、能力缺陷、制度缺位、保障缺乏。由于受传统体制的影响,政府不重视公民参与危机治理的效果,公民在公共危机治理的参与过程中受逐利动机诱导；危机的识别、防范及应对能力明显不足；而公民参与制度虚设,对公民参与的程序没有明确规定,适度参与程度模糊。又由于缺乏经济、组织、信息及渠道等相关保障,使得公民参与在公共危机治理过程中更加举步维艰。笔者借鉴国外公民参与危机治理的相关经验,在文化建设、参与能力、制度保障、管理体制上提出了若干建议。通过培育公共危机治理中的公民精神、提高公民参与危机治理的能力、加强公民有序参与危机治理的制度建设以及提供公民有效参与危机治理的保障措施,试图构建新时代背景下公民与政府合作的公共危机治理的新模型,解决在公共危机治理中如何更好地规范和引导公民参与问题,确保公民有序、及时、有效地参与到危机治理中,力图为我国公民有效参与公共危机治理提供切实可用的建议和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Facing the increasingly frequent public crisis incidents, conventional and single governing made by government has been exposed inherent limitation. As the citizens begin to notice that their participation consciousness is reviving and their participation ability is getting constant improvement. Consequently, we should promote citizen participation to public crisis governance, it has practical significance to search for the new governing mode and deal with the public crisis more efficiently.This article tries to analyze and do useful researching on public crisis governance from the point of view in citizen participation. The paper bases on researching of predecessors, introduces the related concepts and theories about citizen participation on public crisis governance, try to guide and analyze the necessity and feasibility of citizen participation on public crisis governance. Then analyze the significant impact of citizen participation on public crisis governance, furthermore, emphasize and discuss the current problems of China’s citizen participation on public crisis governance, which manifests as: participation sense, participation timeliness, participation institution, participation order, mainly display on the consciousness of participation is weak, the result and quality is not fine, the level of governed by law and institution is low, standard and rational organized participation is not enough. According to the problems of citizen participation on public crisis governance, puts emphasis on the causes of the situations mentioned above, the main causes can be concluded as:idea obstacle, ability limited, institution defective, supporting imperfection. As the result of influence of the tradition system, the government pay no attention to the effect of citizen participation on public crisis governance, at the same time, citizens in process of the participation on public crisis governance induced by profit motive; People lack of distinguish abilty. defending abilty and disposing ability; The system for citizen participation is existing in name only, the program did not make a clear regulation for citizen participation and moderate participation is fuzzy. Because of lacking correlated safeguard, such as economic, organization, information and channels, citizen participation on public crisis governance is more limping. So the author uses the experience of other countries for reference, puts forward some proposals in cultural construction, participation ability, system safeguard and management system. By cultivating citizen’s spirit about public crisis governance, improving the ability of citizen participation on crisis governance, strengthening system construction of citizens orderly participate in public crisis governance, providing guaranteeing measures of citizens effectively participate in public crisis governance, constructs the new model----citizens cooperate with the government in public crisis under the new background, then overcome the problem how to regulate and guide citizen participation better, and ensure citizens participate in public crisis governance orderly, promptly and effectively, finally provide feasible and available suggestions and methods for our citizens participate in public crisis management effectively.更多还原