【作者】 吴望辉；

【导师】 刘演；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在相关文献资料整理、野外实地调查、标本采集及室内标本鉴定的基础上,系统地研究了弄岗国家级自然保护区的植物区系组成、性质以及特有现象；对本区的珍稀濒危植物进行了统计评估,并提出相应的的保护对策。本研究结果如下：1.弄岗国家级自然保护区共有维管束植物1725种隶属于183科799属(包括种下等级),其中栽培植物64种,隶属于37科59属；归化植物22种,隶属于16科21属；野生维管束植物1639种,隶属于175科753属。2.弄岗国家级自然保护区共有蕨类植物146种,隶属于29科49属,以水龙骨科、金星蕨科、凤尾蕨科、铁角蕨科、叉蕨科和卷柏科等为优势科,这几个科共含有92种,占本区蕨类植物总种数的63.01%。本区蕨类植物的优势属有凤尾蕨属、毛蕨属、卷柏属、石韦属、铁角蕨属、铁线蕨属、三叉蕨属、线蕨属、鳞盖蕨属和星蕨属,共含有80种,占本区蕨类植物总种数的54.79%。本区蕨类植物以热带、亚热带性质成分占优势。3.弄岗国家级自然保护区野生裸子植物种类较为贫乏,仅有8种,隶属于4科5属,占本区野生维管束植物科、属、种的2.29%、0.66%、0.49%。4.弄岗国家级自然保护区的被子植物共有1485种,隶属于142科699属,以大戟科、茜草科、蝶形花科、禾本科、菊科、兰科、桑科、樟科、荨麻科、爵床科、百合科、萝藦科、芸香科、鼠李科、葡萄科、苦苣苔科、马鞭草科、番荔枝科、夹竹桃科、蔷薇科、葫芦科、苏木科、木犀科和唇形科占优势,这些科所含有的属、种分别占本区野生种子植物总属数的56.11%,总种数的59.47%。占优势的属为榕属、素馨属、秋海棠属、爵床属、楼梯草属、铁线莲属、悬钩子属、唇柱苣苔属、山柑属、花椒属、野桐属、沿阶草属、紫金牛属、崖爬藤属、薹草属、木姜子属等。本区种子植物以热带、亚热带成分为主。5.弄岗国家级自然保护区植物区系具有明显的热带性质,以热带、亚热带成分为主,其中又以泛热带分布成分最多。在蕨类植物中,除世界分布科外其余全为热带、亚热带分布科；热带、亚热带分布的属、种分别占本区蕨类植物属、种总数的73.47%、52.05%,与属、种温带分布成分的比例分别为9.00：1、2.92：1。在种子植物中,热带、亚热带分布的87科561属,分别占本区野生种子植物科、属总数的59.59%、79.69%,与科、属温带分布成分的比例分别为5.44：1、6.10：1。6.本区多数科、属种类较为贫乏,以单种科(属)和寡种科(属)为主。蕨类植物单种科和寡种科(2-4种)共有20科,占蕨类植物总科数的68.97%；单种属和寡种属(2-4种)共有39属,占蕨类植物总属数的79.59%。种子植物单种科和寡种科(2-10种)共有102科,占本区野生种子植物总科数的69.86%；单种属和寡种属(2-5种)共有662属,占本区野生种子植物总属数的94.03%。7.在弄岗国家级自然保护区的野外调查中发现新分类群8个,即近林下凤尾蕨、弄岗毛蕨、宁明唇柱苣苔、中越唇柱苣苔、弄岗细筒苣苔、弄岗虾脊兰、岩生沿阶草、弄岗秋海棠：中国新记录种1种,即中越鹤顶兰；广西新记录属1属,即密花藤属；广西新记录种10种。8.弄岗国家级自然保护区特有植物较为丰富。本区东亚特有的科有猕猴桃科；种子植物中国特有的属有异裂菊属、异裂苣苔属、青檀属、栾树属、瘿椒树属、细筒苣苔属、石山苣苔属、箬竹属等8属；蕨类植物中国特有种有41种,隶属于14科23属,分别占本区蕨类植物科、属、种总数的48.28%、46.94%、28.08%；本区所分布的种子植物广西特有种共有91种,占本区野生种子植物总种数的6.10%,占广西特有种总数的10.34%。弄岗国家级自然保护区分布有众多的石灰岩特有植物,表明了本区具有明显的岩溶区系性质。9.弄岗国家级自然保护区分布有珍稀濒危植物31种,隶属于24科27属,其中蕨类植物有5种,裸子植物3种,被子植物有23种。被1987年国家环境保护局和中国科学院植物研究所修订的中国稀有濒危植物名录(Ⅰ)收录的有21种,被1999年国家林业局和农业部公布的国家重点保护植物名录(第一批)收录的有19种(国家一级保护3种)。对本区的31种珍稀濒危植物及其他维管植物进行了初步的IUCN评估,建议将本区分布的171种植物列入国家保护植物名录。更多还原

【Abstract】 The floristic compositions, characteristics and endemism in Longgang National Nature Reserve were comprehensively studied and the rare and endangered plants were evaluated and summarized on the base of literatures, field investigation, and specimen collection and identification. The main results are as follows:1. There are 1725 vascular plants species (including subspecies, varieties and forms) belonging to 799 genera in 183 families in Longgang National Nature Reserve, of which 64 species of cultivated plants belong to 59 genera in 37 families,22 species of naturalized plants belong to 21 genera in 16 families and 1639 species of wild vascular plants belong to 753 genera in 175 families.2. There are 146 species of pteridophytes belonging to 49 genera in 29 families were recorded in Longgang National Nature Reserve. The dominant families are Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Pteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, Tectariaceae, Selaginellaceae, adding up to 92 species and covering 63.01% of the total pteridophytes in Longgang National Nature Reserve; The dominant genera are Pteris, Cyclosorus, Selaginella, Pyrrosia, Asplenium, Adiantum, Colysis, Microlepia, Microsorum, adding up to 80 species and covering 54.79% of the total pteridophytes in Longgang National Nature Reserve. The tropical and subtropical endemic elements are dominant for the pteridophytes in the region.3. The wild gymnosperms are scarce and only 8 species belong to 5 genera in 4 families were found in the region, holding a low proportion of the total wild vascular plants in Longgang National Nature Reserve,0.49% of the total species,0.66% of the total genera and 2.29% of the total families.4. There are 1485 species of angiosperm belonging to 699 genera in 142 families were recorded in Longgang National Nature Reserve. The dominant angiosperm families are Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Moraceae, Lauraceae. Urticaceae, Acanthaceae, Liliaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Rutaceae, Rhamnaceae. Vitaceae, Gesneriaceae, Verbenaceae, Annonaceae,Apocynaceae, Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Oleaceae and Labiatae, covering 56.11% and 59.47% of the total angiosperm genera and species respectively found in Longgang National Nature Reserve. The dominant angiosperm genera are Ficus, Jasminum, Begonia, Justicia, Elatostema, Clematis, Rubus, Chirita, Capparis, Zanthoxylum, Mallotus, Ophiopogon, Ardisia, Tetrastigma, Carex and Litsea. The tropical and subtropical endemic elements are also dominant in the angiosperm flora in the region.5. The tropical and subtropical endemic elements, especially the Pantropical ones, are dominant in the flora in Longgang National Nature Reserve. The pteridophyte families in the region are all tropical or subtropical endemic elements except the Cosmopolitan families. The tropical and subtropical elements cover a high generic and species proportion of 73.47% and 52.05% respectively for pteridophytes, which are obviously higher than temperate elements with a ratio of 9.00:1 and 2.92:1 respectively. For the spermatophyte, the tropical and subtropical elements cover 73.47% and 52.05% of the total found families and genera, respectively, which are also obviously higher than the temperate elements with a ratio of 5.44:1 and 6.10:1 respectively.6. Majorities of the recorded families and genera in Longgang National Nature Reserve are monotypic or oligotypic, namely having solitary or few species. There are 20 and 39 monotypic or oligotypic families and genera (less than 4 species) with a proportion of 68.97% and 79.59% of the totals, respectively, for the pteridophytes. There are 102 and 662 monotypic or oligotypic angiosperm families (less than 10 species) and genera (less than 5 species) with a proportion of 69.86% and 94.03%, respectively.7. Through field investigations, eight new species (Pteris pseudogrevilleana, Cyclosorus longgangensis, Chirita ningmingensis, Chirita sinovietnamica, Lagarosolen longgangensis, Calanthe longgangensis, Ophiopogon rupestris, Begonia longgangensis) were discovered and identified; one newly recorded species (Phaius tonkinensis) for China, ten newly recorded species and one newly recorded genus (Pycnarrhena) for Guangxi were found in Longgang National Nature Reserve.8. Numerous East Asia, China or Guangxi endemic taxonomic groups were found in Longgang National Nature Reserve:Actinidiaceae is endemic to East Asia; 8 spermatophyte genera (Heteroplexis, Pseudochirita, Pteroceltis, Koelreuteria, Tapiscia, Lagarosolen, Petrocodon, Indocalamus) are endemic to China; 41 pteridophyte species belonging to 23 genera in 14 families are endemic to China, covering 28.08%,46.94% and 48.28% of the total pteridophyte species, genera and families found in Longgang National Nature Reserve; 91 spermatophyte species are endemic to Guangxi, covering 6.10% of the spermatophytes found in Longgang National Nature Reserve and 10.34% of the total species which endemic to Guangxi. There are also lots of limestone endemic taxa, showing distinct limestone floral characteristics for Longgang National Nature Reserve. 9. There are 31 rare and endangered species (including 5 pteridophyte species,3 gymnosperm species and 23 angiosperm species) belonging to 27 genera in 24 families in Longgang National Nature Reserve, of which 21 species belong to the List of Rare and Endangered Plants Under State Protection(Vol.1,1987), and 19 species belong to the List of Wild Plants Under State Key Protection (1999,3 species under first class state protection). The 31 rare and endangered species and some other vascular plants has been assessed under the criteria of the IUCN, and 171 species are suggested to be listed in the Plants List of Under State Protection.更多还原