【作者】 童军；

【导师】 谢勇；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 刑法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 犯罪被害现象、被害人及其相关理论问题,不但涉及犯罪学、刑法学和刑事诉讼法学等多个学科领域,实践中对这方面问题的讨论也应始终贯穿整个刑事法治活动,是有关刑事政策制定和实施的重要参考和依据。然而,长期以来对刑事法学的研究,大多围绕犯罪人(或称加害方)的角度出发;对被害人(或称受害方)的关注,尽管随着法治的进步日渐明显,但是,始终还是远不能和研究犯罪理论的深度和广度相提并论。传统的预防犯罪体系大多以犯罪和犯罪人为中心,对策主要着眼于消除和减少犯罪产生的动机、实施犯罪的诱因及条件。犯罪数量的居高不下、犯罪率的平稳增长证明了单靠防控犯罪取得的效果十分有限。随着世界范围内被害预防研究的兴起和犯罪被害人学的引入及发展,我国学界越来越清晰地认识到被害预防作为减少犯罪总量的另一条根本途径,同犯罪预防一样,在防控犯罪中能发挥巨大的作用。并不是每个人都想成为加害人,但毫无疑问的是每个人都不想成为犯罪的受害人。事实上,很多犯罪的发生和升级通常都是犯罪人和被害人互动的结果,被害人和潜在的被害人存在的致害因素、被害人过错等客观上可能诱发或促使犯罪的发生。因而,消除被害人(潜在被害人)身上的致害因素、加大犯罪发生的难度、减少犯罪发生可利用的条件能够极大地防止被害,从而达到控制犯罪总量的目的。科学合理地预防被害离不开对被害现象的准确把握,被害调查作为研究被害人问题的基本方法尤其显得重要。通过调查X市犯罪被害现象,能够全面客观反映该地区被害的大致样貌,发现X市被害发生的规律,掌握该地区易被害时间、易被害空间和易被害群体的分布。在此基础上,分析该地区被害发生的原因以及研究制定相关防止被害发生的措施,能够起到很好的被害预防作用,极大地减少犯罪总量的发生,为该地区和谐稳定局面的创建提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The crime victim phenomenon and the crime victims and theories related, not only relate to disciplines such as the Criminology, the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure law, but also to the whole procedure of the Criminal law rule activities in reality. It’s a significant element when making and implementing criminal policy. However, for a long time, the researches of criminal law are concentrated on the offender but pay little attention to the victims. With the progression of the principle of rule of law, the condition has changed, but it didn’t adapt to the criminal theories.The traditional crime prevention system mostly concentrates on crimes and offenders, the policies are aimed at dismissing or deleting the motivation of crime and the incentive and prerequisite of committing crime. But the massive crimes and the smooth increasing rate of crime turn out that there are limitations by just controlling crimes. As the rising of Prevention of victimization and the introduction of the developing Victim criminology, more and more people in the academic circle came to realize the importance of Victim Prevention, as another way equal to Crime Prevention, in preventing crime. Actually, lots of crimes happened and upgraded as a result of the interaction between perpetrator and the victim. The potential fragility and the mistake of victim may lead to or seduce the commitment of a crime. Thus, there is huge possibility of controlling the gross of crimes by erasing the latent fragility in victim, making it more difficult to commit a crime and decreasing the available criminal requirements.A scientific prevention of crime depends on the assurance of the victim elements. So the importance of victim research comes into being as a basic equipment of studying victims. Through the investigation of X-city’s victims, we can get a generate idea of its victim factors and discover the regular pattern of the victim phenomenon, master its distribution of time, place and group. Based on this research, it is possible to analyze the reasons that cause harm on people and formulate related measures to prevent hurt from happening. Also the amount of crimes will reduce vastly, and a consult for a harmonious and steady situation is going to be formed.更多还原