【作者】 李炜；

【导师】 倪洪涛；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着“行政国”理念的深入发展,国家职能由消极地维持社会秩序逐渐转变为积极地促进社会福利的发展,行政事务随之增多。为了适应行政事务的广泛性和复杂性的特点以及更好地实现行政目的,提高行政效率,行政机关被赋予大量的自由裁量权。随着行政权的不断扩大,行政争议也不断增多。有限的司法资源难以承受如此数量的行政案件,行政救济多元化便成为一种必然趋势。目前我国的行政救济包括行政诉讼、行政复议、行政申诉和行政赔偿等。其中,行政复议具有的诸如迅速、高效、简便、经济等特点是其他救济手段不能比拟的,故在实践中日益受到青睐。近年来,我国行政复议案件的受理数量逐年下降。行政复议制度不仅没有发挥出与行政诉讼并轨而立的救济作用,反而日益萎缩。行政复议制度在我国遭遇困境,一个重要的原因便在于我国行政复议机构存在的诸多问题没有解决。如行政复议机构过于分散,导致受理案件分配不均衡,从而造成复议资源的浪费;行政复议机构缺乏独立性,不能独立作出复议决定,公众难免产生“官官相护”的怀疑;我国专业的行政复议人员数量极少,很多行政复议机构甚至都是临时抽调行政人员来进行行政复议工作,行政复议人员专业水平有限,便很难做出令人信服的结论等。2007年《行政复议法实施条例》颁布施行,对行政复议机构人员、办公经费等作了规定。但是规定过于原则,在实践中难以落实,而且针对的问题有限。所以,我国行政复议机构需要进行改革,以满足行政复议制度发展的需要。“他山之石,可以攻玉”。我国行政复议机构的改革,可以通过考察域外行政复议制度较为发达的国家和地区来获得启示。在对域外国家和地区行政复议机构设置进行比较与归纳的基础上,结合我国具体国情,我国应当设立行政复议委员会来解决行政复议机构存在的诸多问题。目前,我国部分省市对行政复议机构的改革进行了探索,开展了行政复议委员会的试点工作,取得了一些成效,也发现了一些不足。通过对地方探索的经验进行总结,并在此基础上对行政复议委员会进行具体的制度设计,以期解决我国行政复议机构存在的问题,使之完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the development of administrative country theory, the function of a country was changed from maintaining social order negatively into promoting social welfare positively, the range of administration expanded continuously and the administrative affairs was on the increase. To fit for the universality and complication of administration and to better realize the administrative target, administration was endowed with massive discretionary power to improve the administrative efficiency. As the extending of administrative power, administrative dispute began to increase; the trend for the diversification of administrative remedy was inexorable. At present, of all administrative remedies in our country, including administrative proceeding, administrative reconsideration, administrative claim, and administrative compensation, administrative reconsideration becomes more and more popular because of the advantages of quickness, thrift, and efficiency.In recent years, the quantity of accepted cases of administrative reconsideration have been descending year by year in our country, the administrative reconsideration system is not as effectively as administrative litigation in practice ,what’s more, it shrink gradually. One of the most important reasons why the administrative reconsideration suffered predicament is that there are lots of problems in the administrative reconsideration institutions. For instance, the administrative reconsideration institutions scatter too much, causing the case allocation unbalanced and resulting in the waste of reconsideration resource. The administration reconsideration institutions could not make the final decision of reconsideration independently, therefore, people begin to doubt if bureaucrats shield one another. There is no enough professional reconsideration personnel in our country, some of them are transferred from other branches provisionally, so it is hard for them to make the convincing conclusion. In 2007, the“implementation regulation of administrative reconsideration law”was issued ruling personnel and outlay, but it is too principled to be implemented. In other words, the problems reconsideration institutions are still unsolved, so it is necessary for it to make a change to meet the development of administrative reconsideration system.As a good saying goes,“by other’s faults, wise men correct their own”. By reviewing some of the best countries in reconsideration, we can find how to reform our administrative reconsideration institutions. On the basis of comparison and induction of the reconsideration institutions of different countries and regions, combining the concrete situation of china, it becomes the common view to establish administrative reconsideration commission. Some of provinces have established administrative reconsideration commission to solve the current problems administrative reconsideration institutions suffered. To sum up the experiences these provinces seek out in the process of establishing administrative reconsideration commission and design concrete system, we can solve the current problems in administrative reconsideration institutions and make it better.更多还原