【作者】 刘明洋；

【导师】 李录明；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着油气勘探难度的增加,常规纵波地震勘探技术面临诸多挑战:如何有效减少纵波勘探的多解性,准确定位小断层、礁体、古潜山,识别真假亮点,提高地震记录的分辨率等一系列复杂问题;要解决这一系列复杂的问题,则急需高精度和高可信度的技术。近年来,三维VSP多波勘探技术有了较大的发展。一方面,多波多分量勘探与单一纵波勘探相比,它所能提供的地震属性信息将会成倍的增加,并能衍生出各种组合参数;利用这些参数估算地层岩性与识别流体等将比仅依靠纵波的可靠性更高,可以最大限度地消除利用单纯纵波进行储层预测的不唯一性;另一方面,VSP比常规地震剖面有更高的信噪比和更大的穿透深度,VSP便于通过井孔进行三分量观测,从而便于本质上对矢量场观测和分析。在此基础上,VSP不仅可分别利用上行波和下行波,而且可利用纵波和转换波和首波等多种类型的波;与陆上勘探资料结合,可减少地震反演的多解性等。目前,三维VSP多波地震资料解释的主要问题是多波多分量的标定和对比,其中最重要的是子波的选取与层位标定;其次,需要对多分量的属性进行分析,然后利用多参数进行流体识别。针对这些问题,本文对以下几个方面进行了研究:(1)对歧口地区P6井测井资料进行处理;(2)用分形法与相关法提取最小相位、混合相位子波,合成地震记录,并制作连井剖面进行对比和层位标定,最后对转换波剖面进行压缩;(3)通过模型求取纵波与横波的振幅比与频率比,对其异常的原因进行了研究;并将此方法应用在歧口地区三维VSP多波实际资料,该方法对储层预测有一定的辅助作用;(4)利用多参数(如泊松比,拉梅常数,体积模量等)进行储层预测,并对反演的岩性及弹性参数进行对比解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the difficulty of gas and oil exploration is increased, the regular technology of seism-exploration confronts many challenges : how to effectively reduce the multi-results of the exploration of pressure wave ,accurate positioning of small faults, reefs and buried hill , to distinguish bright spot between genuine and phony and improve the records of resolution a series of complex problems . To address this series of complex problems, the urgent needs for high precision and high reliability of the technology.In recent years, the exploration technology of 3D-VSP multi-wave has been considerable development. On the one hand, it Comparing with single press wave, multi-wave and multi-compose exploration technology offering information will increase in multiples and derive various combined-parameters, which makes it have reliability higher for estimating lithology and identifying fluid and avoids multiplicity of using pure press wave to forecast reservoir as possible. On the other hand , comparing with general seismic section, VSP has higher the signal noise ratio and greater penetration depth; VSP can easily observe three-component through well finestra , which contributes to observation and analysis for vector field in essence ; basing on it, VSP can not only use upgoing wave and downgoing wave, but also use p-wave, ps-wave , first-wave and the different origins wave; and reduce multi-results of seism datum inversion integration with offshore exploration.Nowadays the most important issue of 3D-VSP multi-wave seismic data interpretation is the multi-wave multi-component calibration and comparison, the most critical and most basic is the wavelet selection and level calibration; Secondly, how to identify fluid using multiple parameters after analysis of multi-component attributes. Confronting with those questions, this article mainly research includes the following :(1) To process the logs of data processing of p6 well in Qikou area;(2) Using the method of fractal and correlation extracts wavelet of minimum-phase and mixed-phase and synthetic seismograms by logging data, and then compared with the well profile and the level calibration, and converted wave section is compressed;(3) To compute the amplitude ratio and frequency ratio of modle of press and shear wave, its abnormity have been researched; the processed result of actual data of three-dimensional multi-wave in Qikou area shows that this method is some assistance for reservoir prediction;(4) For many argument (such as being poisson’s ratio, lame constant and bulk modulus) reservoir prediction, the inversion lithology and spring parameter can be explain by contrast.更多还原