【作者】 陈建华；

【导师】 张建强；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 环境科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 温室效应与全球变暖是人类迄今面临的最重大环境问题。化石能源的使用导致跨地质年代储存的碳释放到大气中,CO：由于较长的寿命年限及超高排放量成为温室效应的标志性气体。我国“低碳城市”试点落户重庆,重庆市将大力发展七大新兴产业。因此,准确把握重庆市碳排放特征,尤其是能源消费碳排放特征,对于重庆市的低碳经济建设具有重要的现实意义。本文首先对国内外碳循环、碳排放和碳减排的研究进行了介绍。现代工业文明建立在化石燃料(能源)基础上,减缓气候变化意味着要减少由能源利用以及工农业生产带来的温室气体排放。对重庆市工业化进程、城市化进程以及各行业与能源消费间的关系进行了分析。对重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放进行了计算,并对四个直辖市终端能源消费C02排放情况进行了对比。结果表明：1997-2008年间重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放量总体呈增长趋势,由1997年的5413.96×107kg增长至2008年的11216.00×107kg,年均增长率为6.85%,重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放增长速度比京沪津高；1997-2008年间重庆市终端能源消费排放的CO2主要由工业、生活和交通运输等部门排放,工业类排放的CO2占了终端能源消费CO2排放总量的72.45%；与京沪津相比,重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放量中农林业CO2排放比重比京沪津的高,其他类CO2排放比重比京沪津小；1997-2008年间重庆市终端能源消费人均CO2排放量2.0-3.95×103kg/(人·年),平均为2.81×103kg/(人·年),在四个直辖市中是最小的；1997-2008年间重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放强度为1.94-4.83×103kg/万元,平均为3.2×103kg/万元,高于京沪津的终端能源消费CO：排放强度；重庆市的三大支柱产业为汽车摩托车为主体的机械工业、以天然气化工和医药化工为重点的化学工业和以优质钢材和铝材为代表的冶金工业,比较而言,重庆市轻工业发展不足、高新技术产业薄弱。基于对重庆市终端能源消费CO2排放量的计算与分析,本文提出了重庆市减少CO2排放的若干对策：调整能源结构,优先发展清洁能源和可再生能源；促进经济结构升级,优化第二产业,发展低碳经济；加强国际交流合作,积极开展CDM项目活动；加强人文因素在碳减排中的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Greenhouse effect and global warming is so far the most significantly environmental problems.Carbon dioxide has been a symbol of greenhouse effect gas as its longer life expectancy and high emissions.Chongqing city has been a text point of "low-carbon city" in China,and new seven industries will be vigorously developed in Chongqing city. So accurately grasping the characteristicscarbon emissions in Chongqing, especially the energy consumption characteristics of carbon emissions has a strong practical significance for the low-carbon economic development of Chongqing city.Firstly, the brief introduction has been made about the domestic and abroad carbon cycle, carbon emissions and carbon reduction. As modern industrial civilization is based on fossil fuels basis, slowing down the climate change means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by the energy use and industrial and agricultural production. This paper has made the analysis about the process of industrialization and urbanization and the relationship between different industries and energy consumption in Chongqing city. The carbon dioxide consumption of total energy in Chongqing city and the carbon dioxide consumption of the final energy in Chongqing and Beijing-Shanghai-Tianjin city have been mainly calculated. The results show that the carbon dioxide consumption of final energy in Chongqing City has a overall growth trend from 1997 to 2008.5413.96×10’kg in 1997 has increased to 11216.00×10’kg in 2008 and the average annual growth rate is 6.85%, which is higher than in Beijing-Shanghai-Tianjin city. From 1997 to 2008, in Chongqing city the carbon dioxide consumption of final energy is mainly caused by industrial emissions, living and transportation sector emissions, in which industrial emissions accounted for the majority of the overall. Compared with the Beijing-Shanghai-Tianjin city, agroforestry has a higher proportion and others have a rather smaller proportion about the cardon dioxide emissions of final energy in Chongqing city. The per capita cardon dioxide emission of final energy consumption in Chongqing city is the smallest and the cardon dioxide emission intensity in Chongqing city is the largest among the four municipalities.Based on investigating the present situation of Chongqing city and analyzing the policy information, this paper proposes the countermeasures to reduce carbon dioxide emissions which include adjusting the energy supply structure, prior developing the clean energy and the renewable energy,promoting the upgrade of economic structure, optimazing the secondary industry, developing low-carbon ecnomy, strengthening international exchange and cooperation, actively carring out the activities of CDM project activities and enhancing the human impact for the carbon emissions.更多还原