【作者】 代春初；

【导师】 宋良科；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 生药学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：研究峨眉黄连Coptis omeiensis (Chen) C. Y. Cheng的种质资源分布的特性、栖息地植被与群落特点、传粉学和解剖学特征以及自身发育和繁殖的特点,探索影响峨眉黄连分布与种群繁殖的主要外部环境因子和内部生物因子,寻找导致峨眉黄连濒危的原因,同时测定不同居群中小檗碱和巴马汀的含量,为峨眉黄连的保护和合理应用以及野生变家种提供科学依据。方法：用查阅中国古代的本草典籍和地方志等文献资料方法,分析峨眉黄连的用药历史与资源分布状况,用野外调查法了解峨眉黄连目前的本地状况、种质资源分布和生存环境情况；应用传粉学、植物解剖学等相关理论和实验技术,分析峨眉黄连的生活史特性和繁殖特征；运用仪器分析的方法对内源性激素、不同群落峨眉黄连中的小檗碱与巴马汀含量进行测定,分析峨眉黄连开花时期的激素变化和不同种质之间活性成含量的差异性。结果：本草最早记述的黄连,根据考证与产地调查,其基源植物为峨眉黄连Coptis omeiensis (Chen) C. Y. Cheng和三角叶黄连C. deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao,即明代后的优质品-雅连。峨眉黄连对生长环境要求苛刻,生态位极其狭窄,现仅限于峨眉山及其周围区域,分布范围在进一步缩小。其栖息地的降雨量、空气湿度、光照、群落类型等均可能影响峨眉黄连种群的生存与繁衍。峨眉黄连的花部器官均为螺旋状排列、花瓣原基与雄蕊原基同形、心皮自对折后形成雌蕊到其种子成熟时都未完全闭合等,说明峨眉黄连是被子植物中较原始的物种。峨眉黄连根茎能形成分支,具有无性繁殖的可能,不同居群中小檗碱和巴马汀的含量相差不大,但高于三角叶黄连,而皮层和髓部均含有大量的石细胞与三角叶黄连根茎相似。处于野生的峨眉黄连自身繁育更新困难,随着峨眉山旅游业的发展、栖息地小环境气候的变化、苔草等优势物种的入侵等多种因素的叠加,峨眉黄连濒危的程度将面临进一步加剧的危险。结论：峨眉黄连为典型的片段化岛状分布,表明生态位狭窄,对生存环境的要求苛刻,对种群的扩散与分布极其不利。幼苗期叶小、根系不发达,种子后熟期长、萌发困难,不利于自我更新与种群延续是导致峨眉黄连濒危原因之一；花粉粒小,部分发育不良可能是导致峨眉黄连濒危的原因之二。生态环境恶化以及多种人为因素的干扰(如过度采挖)是导致峨眉黄连居群数量减少以致处于濒危状态的最主要原因。峨眉黄连的生活史和繁殖特征研究结果为峨眉黄连迁地保护和家种提供了可能性。在野生状态下的峨眉黄连小檗碱和巴马汀的含量与栽培技术完善的黄连基本一致,进一步说明峨眉黄连是古代最早应用的黄连药材,也是黄连药材中的优质品雅连的基源植物之一应加大其保护种质资源的力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To research the germplasm resources distribution area of Coptis omeiensis (Chen) C. Y. Cheng, habitat vegetation and coenosis characteristics, pollination and anatomic features as well as their developmental and reproductive characteristics. To explore the main external environmental factors and internal factors that influence C. omeiensis existence, and look for the crucial endangered causes of C. omeiensis, determine the contents of berberine and palmatine in different populations, then provide the scientific basis for its protection and domestication.Method:By the method of consulting ancient Chinese materia medica and chorography, analyzing the medical history and resource distribution of C. omeiensis, investigating its local present situation, germplasm resources distribution and living environment through field survey; applying the related theory and experimental technology of pollination and anatomy, analyzing the life-history traits and reproductive characteristics of C. omeiensis; With the method of instrument analysis, determining the contents of endogenous hormones, berberine and palmatine which are in the different coenosis C. omeiensis, comparing the hormonal changes in the flowering period of C. omeiensis and the difference of active ingredient content in different germplasm.Result:By the textual research of herbalism and field survey, the base resource of Huanglian that was the high grade product Deltaleaf Goldthread Rhizome in the later Ming Dynasty were C. omeiensis and C. deltoidea. The growth environment of C. omeiensis were under harsh conditions, and its ecological niche was extremely narrow which were only limited to Mt. Emei and its surrounding area, and being gradually reduced. Both of the rainfall precipitation, air-humidity, light and community type in the habitats could affect the existence and multiplication of C. omeiensis. The flower organs of C. omeiensis both were in vibrioid-shaped arrangement; the petal primordium and stamen primordium had the same shape; the pistil was not completely closed from the carpel conduplication to seed maturation. It showed that C. omeiensis was the primitive specie in angiosperms. The rhizome of C. omeiensis could forme branchs, so it had the possibility of vegetative propagation. the contents of berberine and palmatine in different populations of C. omeiensis had little difference, but higher than C. deltoidea. The wild Coptis omeiensis had difficulties in its own propagation, furthermore, the conditions would be worsened with the development of Mt. Emei tourism, the Changes of small environment climate and the intrusions of the dominant plant species such as planus. Conclusion:C. omeiensis is the typical fragmented island distribution, so its ecological niche is narrow. That leads to be a harsh survival environment of C. omeiensis and be a disadvantage for the population dispersion and distribution. It is unfavorable to self-renewal and population continuance because of its little leaves, underdeveloped roots in seedling stage, long latterstageofripening and difficult germination; this is one reason that C. omeiensis is endangered; The second reason is that its pollen grains are small and partial hypogenetic; The main reason, that lead to the decrease in the number of C. omeiensis and be endangered, is ecological environment worsened and human factors of interference. Through researching the life history and reproductive characteristics of C. omeiensis, the research results provide a possibility for ex-situ conservation and homegrown of C. omeiensis. The berberine and palmatine contents of C. omeiensis in the wild are basically the same in the cultivar; this further explains that C. omeiensis is the earliest used Coptis in ancient times and also is one of the original plants of Deltaleaf Goldthread Rhizome.更多还原