【作者】 蔡艳锋；

【导师】 晏秋；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来城市化进程的加快和经济发展水平的提高,使得城市人口和机动车拥有量迅速增长,城市道路交通需求大大超过交通供给能力,产生了严重的交通拥挤。交通拥挤收费作为交通需求管理的措施之一,它通过对特定时段和路段的车辆实行收费,以从时间和空间上来疏散交通量,减少繁忙时段和繁忙路段道路上的交通负荷,同时还将促使交通量向大容量的公交系统转移,抑制私人小汽车交通量的增加,促进小汽车的有效利用,推进多人合乘的实施,实现最有效地使用道路,达到缓解交通拥挤的目的。该措施可以从源头上抑制出行的产生,使得出行者减少出行或者改变出行时间、方式或者出行路径,进而减少拥挤。论文在总结国内外拥挤收费理论研究成果和国外拥挤收费实践成效的基础上,分析了交通拥挤产生的原因,阐述了交通拥挤收费的涵义、意义和目标,并且对静态拥挤收费理论和动态拥挤收费理论进行了定性和定量的推导。采用外部性理论对交通拥挤导致的行程时间、交通事故和环境污染外部额外增加的外部成本进行定性分析,然后分别采用合适的方法对这三项外部成本进行了量化：额外行程时间成本的量化采用了旅行成本法；交通事故成本采用了实际发生法；交通污染成本的量化同样采用了是实际发生法。通过上述方法,对城市交通拥挤产生的年总外部成本进行了量化,并建立了基于外部成本的拥挤定价模型。最后结合成都市2009年机动车拥有量、平均车速等相应数据计算得出该年度成都市若实行拥挤收费时的收费额度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the urban population and the holding of vehicle have grown increasingly along with the process of urbanization and regional economies developing rapidly. Travel demands are growing so fast in cities that urban road travel demand exceeds supply greatly, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Congestion pricing, one of the Transportation Demand Management strategies, is to charge the vehicles for pass the specific road section at special time interval, in order to disperse the traffic volume from time and space, and reduce the traffic load at rush hour and the crowded road. Meanwhile it will shift the traffic volume to the public traffic system, restrain the increasing of private traffic, promote the car effective utilization, advance the implementation of car pool, improve the rate of the road utilizing, and alleviate the traffic congestion ultimately. This measure may suppress the production of transportation demand in the source, cause the travelers reducing their journey or changing the time, the way or the route of the journey, then reduce traffic jam.On the basis of summarizing theoretical studies and practices of congestion at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the reasons of the traffic congestion, explains the meaning, significance and goal of the congestion pricing, make qualitative and quantitative derivation about the static congestion pricing and dynamic congestion pricing as well. Exterior costs aroused by congestion which are additional travel time, traffic accident and environmental pollution are analyzed qualitatively based on External theory. The paper quantifies the three exterior costs through the appropriate method separately. When quantifying the exterior cost of extra travel time, it adopts the travel cost law; it calculates the cost of additional traffic accident in terms of the cost which producing in the actual accident; the exterior cost of extra environmental pollution is also quantified according to the vehicle producing actually. Through the methods-above, the thesis quantifies the annual total exterior cost resulting from congestion in a city and is educed and establishes congestion pricing model based on exterior cost.At last, the paper assumes the Chengdu carrying the congestion charge this year, the computes the rate combing with the corresponding data of the holding number of vehicle、average speed of Chengdu in 2009.更多还原