【作者】 李星系；

【导师】 范学辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 南宋时期,文人士大夫有着较高的政治地位及经济待遇,使得士大夫群体的交往活动比较活跃,他们聚徒讲学、交流辩难、讨论时政,使得南宋时代呈现出一种学术思想繁盛的局面。作为一种交流的主要媒介,书信在南宋士大夫交游活动中发挥着重要作用,是士大夫之间联络感情、探讨学问等的重要工具。南宋士大夫之间书信频繁,存世书信数量繁多,且书信内容精彩纷呈,包含重要的信息,具有很高的研究价值。在这些书信中,南宋大思想家朱熹、陆九渊的书信研究价值尤其巨大,对于探究他们的思想具有重要意义。历史上学者对朱熹书信已经有了编年整理和详细研究,但对于陆九渊书信的研究尚有不足,特别是陆九渊主张不立文字,书信成为陆九渊研究的重要第一手史料,因此,对陆九渊书信的编年整理和详细分析就比较迫切了。陆九渊,字子静,号象山,抚州金溪(今属江西)人,生于南宋高宗绍兴九年(1139年),卒于南宋光宗绍熙三年(1193)。陆九渊作为我国著名的思想家、教育家,是“心学”学派的创始人。他是宋明理学(新儒学)的有影响力的代表之一,与朱熹齐名,世人合称为“朱陆”。陆九渊的哲学思想的核心就是本心,用他自己的话说,“宇宙便是吾心,吾心便是宇宙”。陆九渊提出了心是世界的本源,心的核心概念和原理包括宇宙的一切。陆九渊的工夫论要点就是发明本心。陆九渊认为：如果要发明本心,首先应当“辨志”,使自己的志向符合圣人之道。此外,陆九渊的修养工夫主要是顿悟,通过感悟天地人生来发明本心。陆九渊的著作被编入《陆九渊集》,该书包括陆九渊的书信、文章及弟子所记录的陆九渊的言行等内容,是研究陆九渊最重要的文献。在其中,书信占了相当大的篇幅。近年来,学者们关于陆九渊的研究主要集中于陆九渊的思想上面,对于陆九渊书信的全面研究还比较缺乏。针对这种状况,本文对陆九渊的主要书信进行了编年整理,并加以分析研究。本文的第一部分对南宋的心学发展概况做了一个简介。通过对陆九渊及其弟子的活动与思想的介绍,使得学者对陆九渊及其心学学派有一个详细的了解。本文的第二部分为陆九渊书信编年,本文将陆九渊的部分书信按照年份的顺序分时期罗列,并详细考证陆九渊的部分书信的时间信息。本文的第三部分是陆九渊书信和交往的研究,着重考察陆九渊以书信为纽带的人际交往关系,主要包括陆九渊与家人、弟子及朋友的书信交往。通过本文的研究,学者将对陆九渊以书信为纽带的交往情况有一个整体的了解。本文的第四部分为陆九渊书信的内容分析。本文以陆九渊思想为参照,分别分析了陆九渊与家人、弟子及朋友的书信中所包含的思想片段,从而探讨陆九渊对不同人书信中内容的差异与形成这种差异的原因。通过对陆九渊书信的编年研究及内容分析,结合陆九渊以书信为媒介的交往圈研究,我们就可以更详细的描绘以交往为核心的陆九渊学术生活画卷。本文详细考证了大部分陆九渊书信书写的年代,并以此为基础对陆九渊的书信从不同的角度加以全面研究。最后得出结论：陆九渊的书信在陆九渊研究中具有巨大的意义。陆九渊书信的编年研究可以使我们进一步分析陆九渊思想变化的脉络,可以使我们还原一个真实的以陆九渊为中心的学术环境,可以使我们更加真实地解读陆九渊。陆九渊不同时期对不同人的书信有不同的内容,通过对陆九渊书信的分析,我们可以更加清晰地对陆九渊及其思想有一个更深入的认识。本文还只是对陆九渊书信研究的一个初步的尝试,只能作为以后学者研究的垫脚石。有关陆九渊书信的更加完整、详细、准确的编年考证,有关陆九渊书信交往的更加全面的考察,特别是陆九渊交游的综合研究,以及有关陆九渊书信内容的分阶段、分对象分析,期待以后学者能够进行更深一步的研究,从而使得陆九渊的研究更上一个新台阶。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Southern Song Dynasty, scholars have higher political status, and their contact activities, like giving lectures and discussion are comparison active.As a main medium of scholar-officials exchange in the Southern Song, letters play an important role in intercourse. Letters are important tools among the scholar-officials in touch with friends and others. There are lots of Letters between the Southern Song scholar-officials, and they contain important information, with high research value.In these letters, the great thinkers of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi’s, Lu Jiuyuan’s letters have great value, especially for exploring their ideas of great significance. Study on letters of Zhu Xi has been compiled, but the researches on Lu Jiuyuan’s letters are still inadequate.Lu Jiuyuan, styled as ZiJing and alias as XiangShan, was born in Jinxi, Fuzhou, the Present Jiangxi Province. He was born in 1139 and died in 1193. Throughout his Life, Lu, a famous thinker and educator, was a Chinese scholar and philosopher who founded the school of the universal mind, one of the most influential Neo-Confucian school. He was a contemporary and the main rival of Zhu Xi, and people say them as "Zhu and Lu ".Lu’s Philosophy of the Mind is Unity of the Mind and the Way, in his own words, Lu said, "The universe is my mind, and my mind is the universe." Lu brought forward the heart as the ultimate one or source that encompasses everything including the universe and the principle. Jiuyuan’s main point is the invention of one’s own heart. He wrote a book named the Lu Jiuyuan Works and this book including Lu Jiuyuan’s letters, articles and Lu Jiuyuan’s words and deeds recorded by his disciples. The book is the most important literatures of the Lu Jiuyuan’s research. In this book, most of the articles are letters. In recent years, the study of Lu Jiuyuan mainly focused on his thinking and a systemic review of his letters are necessary.This Paper divided into four parts. The first part of this article is the overview of the development of school of heart in Song, and the second part is the annalistic letters of Lu Jiuyuan, putting the Lu Jiuyuan’s letters sorted by years. The third part is Lu Jiuyuan’s letters and interpersonal, focused inspection on the interpersonal of Lu Jiuyuan linked by letter. This part including Lu Jiuyuan’s letters with his family, his disciples and his friends. The forth parties the content of the letters of Lu Jiuyuan.Finally, the conclusion is Jiuyuan’s letters have great effect on Jiuyuan’s research. By analyzing Jiuyuan’s letters, we can get a better understanding of Jiuyuan and his thinking. This Paper is a research of Lu Jiuyuan’s letters, And a Lu Jiuyuan’s comprehensive study Basis on Letters. This study will play an important role for future scholars and a further research is needed,article is only a preliminary try on Lu Jiuyuan letters’research. More complete, detailed and accurate future research for Lu Jiuyuan’s chronological letters, and more comprehensive study on Lu Jiuyuan’s exchanges, comprehensive study on Lu Jiuyuan’s friendship and the content of Lu Jiuyuan’s letters looking forward to the future scholars to carry out deeper research.更多还原