【作者】 赵玫瑰；

【导师】 王丽萍；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 未成年人是社会的弱势群体,需要集全社会之合力来给予其特殊的保护,对于未成年人来说,家庭是他们最先接触的,也是影响最广泛、最长久的基本社会单位。因此,笔者将从未成年人的家庭保护角度来分析当前我国未成年人家庭保护的基本现状,并针对此现状,提出一点拙劣的建议。全文共分引言、五章正文以及结语三个部分,引言主要概括介绍了当前未成年人的特殊的身心特点以及家庭保护对未成年人成长历程的重大意义。正文具体来说主要包括以下内容：第一章对未成年人家庭保护做了一个简单的概述。分为“未成年人及其特点”和“家庭保护及其特点”两节,根据现行法律的相关规定以及学界对未成年人这一概念与其他相关概念的区分争议,本章分别从未成年人的界定、未成年人与其他相关概念、未成年人的特点三个方面做出论述,认为未成年人是指十八周岁以下的公民,而未成年人与青少年、儿童以及少年等相关概念具有相互重合的部分,他们各自具有自己适用的范畴。从国际上来看,儿童与本文阐述主体——未成年人指的是同一概念。家庭保护及其特点一节则从家庭保护的概念和家庭保护的特点两方面予以论述,认为家庭保护具有其他保护不可替代的作用,诸如基础性、长期性、潜移默化性、多功能性和灵活性等功能特征。第二章阐述未成年人家庭保护基本原则。家庭保护在坚持《未成年人保护法》第5条确立的三大原则,即尊重未成年人的人格尊严原则、适应未成年人身心发展的规律和特点原则、教育与保护相结合原则外,笔者还从“儿童最大利益原则”、“适度原则”以及“区别对待原则”这三个原则做出了一个概述。认为儿童最大利益原则是当前应该予以确立的原则,它蕴含着将儿童视为拥有权利的个体的理念,较儿童优先原则更具有全面性；适度原则是适应未成年人身心发展的规律和特点原则的后续原则或更高层次的原则,家庭对未成年人实施保护,适应未成年人的发展规律和特点是基础,但在此基础上还要适度；区别对待原则则是平等与特殊相结合,即平等原则之下的区别对待,主要针对的是家庭中处于弱势的子女,如残疾子女、非婚生子女、继子女等。第三章论述未成年人在家庭中享有的权利。主要从家庭角度阐述了一下未成年人在家庭中的权利表现,分别从生命健康权、受监护权、受抚养、教育权、平等权、获得良好的生活环境权、隐私权、知悉权、发表意见权和财产权等所享权利做了一个简单分析。第四章分析了我国未成年人家庭保护之现状。首先对我国的相关规定做了概述,认为我国关于未成年人保护体系虽初具规模,但是尚有许多问题亟待完善和解决,如法律保护条款过于分散、操作性差以及针对性不强等问题；其次简单分析了一下当前我国家庭保护面临的主要问题,分别从家庭方面法律保护机制的不完善、对未成年人权利保护的漠视以及亲职教育的缺失三个方面做了一个简单的问题分析；最后针对上述所列问题,笔者分别从法律方面、社会方面、家庭方面和未成年人自身方面对当前家庭保护所面临问题的原因做了一个简单的分析和论述。第五章提出完善我国未成年人家庭保护的几点建议。针对本文前部分的分析,笔者分别从确立儿童最大利益原则、确立子女本位、建立监护监督制度、设置未成年人家庭保护的援助机构、发展亲职教育以及完善预防和制止对于未成年人家庭暴力的法律规定等方面进行了一个简单的设想和论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Minors are vulnerable groups of society, we need to work together to set the whole society to give them special protection.For minors, The family is their first exposure to the basic social unit, it is the most extensive and long-term unit to affect them. Therefore, I will from the family protection of minors to analyze the basic status of the current protection of minors.,And for this situation, I will put forward that some proposals.The text is divided into three parts of the body of an introduction, five chapters and the conclusion. The Introduction outlines physical and psychological characteristics of minors, the significance of the family protection to minors. Specifically, the text includes the following:chapter one is the summary of the family protection to minors. It is Divided into two sections:minors and their characteristics, family protection to minors and its characteristics. Under the relevant provisions of current law and the concept of minors and other related concepts of controversial distinction. Separately,made made from an analysis of the following.the definition of minors, the minors and other related concepts, characteristics of minors discussed. Means that minors under the age of eighteen citizens, the minors and the adolescents, children and other related concepts with some overlap. They each have their own application areas. From an international point of view, this text describes the main body of children with minors is the unifying concept. And the section two made a narrative about the concept of family protection and its features,means that the family play an irreplaceable role in protecting minors,such as the basic, long-term, subtle, versatility and the flexibility functional characteristics.Chapter two is the narrative of the basic principles of family protection to minors.Family Protection to minors in adherence to the "Protection of Minors Act " of respect for the principles of human dignity of minors, Adapt to he principles of the law of physical and mental development of minors and characteristics, Principle of combining education and protection, Except the three principles established in Articl,I from the principle of best interests of children, the principle of proportionality and the principle of distinction to made an overview. The principle of best interests of children should be established in current, It contains the rights of children as individuals, Comparing with the principle of children first, it is more comprehensive;The principle of proportionality is to adapt to the law and characteristics of physical and mental development of minors of the follow-up principles or the principle of a higher level. When families implementate the protection of minors,Adapt to the laws and characteristics of physical and mental development of minors is the basis, on this basis, but also moderate;The principle of distinction is the combination of equality and special. Aimed primarily at disadvantaged children in the family, such as disabled children, illegitimate children, stepchildren, etc.Chapter three is the discussion of the minor’s rights in the family. This chapter from the perspective of the families to elaborate minors in the family of the rights, Respectively, from the life and health, the subjecting to guardianship, the dependency, the education, the equal rights, the accessing to good living environment, the privacy, the right to know their views on the rights and property rights and other entitlements to do a simple analysis.Chapter four analyzes the status of family protection to minors. Firstly, outlining the relevant provisions of China, meansing that the system of protection of minors, although beginning to take shape, there are many issues that must be improved and resolved, such as the fragmental terms of legal protection, poor operational issues and pertinence etc. Secondly, mading a simple analysis of what the current family protection of the main problems faced.Separately,from the following to made an analyze:family’s imperfect of legal protection mechanisms, the negligence about protection of the rights of minors,and the lack of parenting to make a simple analysis. Finally, according to the issues listed above,I did a simple analysis and discussion from the legal aspects, social, family and minors about the reason of current problems faced by the family protection.Chapter five proposes some suggestions of improving the family protection to minors. For this part of the analysis above,respectively, I made a simple idea and discussion from establishing "the principle of best interests of children", to establish child centered, the establishment of guardianship monitoring system, setting the the family assistance agencies of protection of Minors, developing of parenting education and improving the prevention and suppression of the law of domestic violence for minors and other aspects.更多还原