【作者】 毕青华；

【导师】 张式军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 环境问题是伴随着社会经济的发展而产生的,环境污染转移亦是如此。地理位置、自然资源、人口、历史等不同的因素导致经济的发展具有不平衡性,这使得一部分地区优先发展起来,在中国体现为城市较农村、东部沿海地区较西部内陆地区优先发展起来,这就形成了经济发达地区和经济欠发达地区的划分。在经济发达地区,随着经济水平的不断提高,人们对环境的要求不断提高,随之而产生的是居民环境保护意识的逐步加强、环境立法和执法水平的上升。这使得经济活动的环境成本提高,在利益的驱使下经济主体不得不重新寻找具有较低环境成本的地方。经济欠发达的地方的状况却恰恰相反,在较低的经济水平条件下,环境让位于生存,环境成为经济活动的牺牲品。在这一供一需条件下,环境污染转移便应运而生。对于环境污染转移的研究不少学者在上个世纪就进行了研究。基于环境污染转移问题本身的复杂性、学者研究的角度、视角以及认识水平的不同,学者们对环境污染转移的含义的理解也是“仁者见仁,智者见智”。本文认为环境污染转移是指,环境主体一方有意的通过一定的方式侵犯另一方环境权利,没有合法根据的课以对方以环境义务并将本来属于本身的环境责任转移为另一方的行为。其中的“区域”不是国际上的某个具体的区域,也不是国内行政上所划分的以具体的省为单位的区域,而是指在国内以经济发展水平为标准所划分的经济发达地区和经济落后地区。区域污染转移是有一定构成要件的：主体方面需要是两个或两个以上的主体,且“这种主体可以是具体的,也可以是抽象的”；主观方面需要转移方是恶意的；客观方面要求污染转移行为本身是可以人为控制的,并不以污染损害的产生为要件。任何事情的发生都是有一定原因的,区域污染转移也不例外。地区之间经济发展水平的不同是区域污染转移产生的经济原因；由于经济水平的不同,建立在经济基础之上的上层建筑——法律也会出现很大的差异,这是造成区域污染转移的法律层面的原因；传统环境保护意识的缺失,以经济建设为中心的发展思路,是造成环境污染、区域污染转移的其他社会原因。区域污染转移对生态环境和社会生活都造成了恶劣的负面影响。此外,区域污染转移还与环境权理论、可持续发展理论、环境公平理论等相违背。因而对区域污染转移进行相应的法律规制是十分必要的,也是十分迫切的。本文从制度建设和法律法规操作两方面进行考虑,提供建议,以期能够更加完善我国的区域环境污染防治体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 The generation of the environmental issues is accompanied by social and economic development, and so is the pollution transfer. Geographical location, natural resources, population, history and various factors lead to imbalanced economic development, which makes some areas to give priority to development. According to the different economic levels, it classifies as economically developed regions and underdeveloped areas. In China, eastern areas prior to western areas and city prior to rural areas give priority to the development. In the developed areas, with the economic level rising, demand of the people on the environment has continued to improve. Also the environmental awareness of residents strengthens, and the level of the environmental protection and law enforcement rise. Because of the increase of the environmental cost of economic activity, economic entities have to re looking for places with lower environmental costs driven by interests. In the undeveloped areas, by contrast, that is in a lower level of economic conditions, the environment gives way to survive, so the environment become victims of economic activities. Under the condition of supply and demand, environmental pollution transfer came into being.Many scholars conducted the study of environmental pollution transfer in last century. Based on the complexity of environmental pollution transfer problem itself, the angle of the scholars’study and different level of awareness, the scholars to understand the meaning of environmental pollution Transfer is "benevolent see benevolence and the wise see wisdom". In this article, I have the view that environmental pollution transfer refers a behavior, though which one environment main body intends to infringe upon other environmental body environmental rights, exerts environmental obligations without justification and shifts the environmental responsibility to the other party, which originally belongs to themselves. "Regional" is not a specific region in the world, and is not local administrative division in specific area, but is economically developed areas and economically backward areas in the country under the Standard Division on economic development level. Regional Environmental Pollution transfer has certain elements:there should be two or more than two main bodies, and "the principal can be a concrete or abstract "; the subjective aspect needs that the body of the transfer is a malicious; Objective requirements of pollution transfer itself can be manipulated, not to pollution damages for conditions. Everything happens for a certain reason, so as the regional pollution transfer. The different level of economic development between regions is the economic reasons for the environmental pollution transfer. Because of different economic levels, the superstructure-the law, which establishes on the economic base, will also appear very different. And this is legal reasons of the regional environmental Pollution Transfer.Traditional lack of awareness of environmental protection and the development thinking of taking economic construction as the center are the social causes of regional environmental pollution transfer.Regional Environmental Pollution transfer has very bad negative impacts on ecological environment and the society. In addition, the transfer of regional environmental pollution is Incompatible with the environment right theory, the theory of sustainable development and Environmental Equity theory. So on the legal regulation of regional environmental pollution transfer is very necessary, and it is very urgent. Under the consider two aspects of system construction and the operation of laws and regulations, this article gives some advices, which may be useful to perfect the system of regional environmental pollution control.更多还原