【作者】 李烁；

【导师】 井海明； 林忠军；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国哲学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 易学是围绕着《周易》的诠释而产生出的一系列学问,易学发展到两汉时期,以象数之学为主要内容的象数易学获得了极大的发展,这一方面与《周易》经传中所包含的象数内涵有关,另一方面也与两汉时期的文化语境有关。同时,两汉时期是中国古代自然科学成就较为突出的一个时期,尤其是在天文与历法方面,取得了非常大的进步。汉人在《淮南子·天文训》和《易纬》中都提出了宇宙论思想来解释宇宙的生成与万物的起源,而且,汉人还对星空依照人事做了划分,将可视天体与人事联系起来。两汉时期的历法沿革经历了古四分历——太初历——三统历——后汉四分历等时期,这几种历法可分为两种形态,一是四分历,一是八十一分历,其中太初历和三统历属于八十一分历。太初历以律数起历,较少牵扯到易数,而三统历则律数易数全用,将象数易思想作为历法制定的基础,这种做法对后世产生了深刻的影响。两汉时期的象数易学,与天文历法关系较为密切的主要有孟喜的卦气说,京氏易,郑玄卦气说、爻辰说、太一九宫说,虞翻的月体纳甲等理论。天文历法与象数易学的结合,在各自的领域内,都开启了新的意义空间。天文历法一方面将“易”作为其指导思想,一方面将“易”作为其基础内容,通过与“易”的结合而超越了“数”、“术”层面,直达天人之道的贯通；易学吸取天文历法的发展成果,建立了象数易学体系,构建起来一个复杂而精细的、将天地万物人事吉凶皆涵摄在内的世界图式。两汉时期的以“有机”为特性的象数易学——自然哲学体系便是以这个世界图式为基本骨架,借助阴阳、五行、卦、数、干支等范畴构建起来的。两汉象数易学——自然哲学呈现为一个在富含节律性的阴阳交感作用的基础上形成的网状层级结构,其理论体系以阴阳为根本,以六十四卦所形成的世界图式骨架,将网状层级结构、时空坐标系统、嵌套循环的时间维度、天人感应等内容囊括在内,并具有一定的稳定性和弹性。两汉时期的象数易学,因其过于复杂,过于夸大象数的作用,而忽视了义理的重要性,最终退出了历史的舞台,象数易学对历法的渗透,在一定程度上也阻碍了历法的正常发展。当今又有“科学易”概念的提出,但是应当注意,易学与科学是两个完全不同的领域,易学与科学的结合,只能在宏观上相互指导,不能在微观上互相印证,以为易学中包含了许多现代科学前沿成果的观点,是不可取的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yi-ology is a series of theory which is result from the interpretation of Zhouyi. In the era of Han dynasties, Image-Number Yi-ology, whose main content is the theory of Xiang and Shu, have had a great development. The reason of that, on one hand, is related to the Xiang-Shu connotation of Zhouyi and Yizhuan, on the other hand, is related to the culture context in Han dynasties. Meanwhile, the era of Han dynasties is an era that Chinese ancient science have been profoundly developed, especially in the field of astronomy and calendar-study. People in Han dynasties have advanced some kind of cosmology in the book such as Huainanzi and Yiwei, which is used for explain the creation of the cosmos and the origin of the world. They also divide the star sky into parts according to politics, and integrate the visible aster with human affairs. The development of calendar-study of Han dynasties is Sifen calendar-Taichu calendar-Santong calendar-Houhansifen calendar, such calendars could be classified into two patterns, one is quartered calendar and the other is eightiethed calendar. Taichu calendar and Santong calendar belongs to eightiethed calendar. The Taichu calendar take the number of music notes as its basic data, but is barely related to the number of Yi. In contrast, the Santong calendar takes both the number of music notes and the number of Yi as its basic data. That has a profound influence on late ages. The Image-Number Yi-ology theory in Han dynasties which is closely related to astronomy and calendar is the Guaqi theory of Mengxi, Yi-ology of Jingfang, the Guaqi and Yaochen and Taiyijiugong theory of Zhengxuan and Yuetinajia theory of Yufan. The combination of astronomy and calendar-study and Image-Number Yi-ology, have created new meaning spaces in their both region. The astronomy and calendar study, on one hand, take Yi as it’s guiding theory, for the other hand, take Yi as it’s foundation. Through this way, the astronomy and calendar-study had surpassed the mathematic meaning and reached the state of the integration of human and the heaven. Yi-ology have absorbed the achievement of the development of astronomy and calendar study, and established a system of Image-Number Yi-ology, then build a structure that include everything in itself. The Image-Number Yi-ology-Natural philosophy system in Han dynasties take this structure as its basic frame, and draw support from the categories such as Yinyang, Wuxing, Gua, Number, Ganzhi to set itself up. The Image-Number Yi-ology-Natural philosophy system in Han dynasties presents as a hierarchical network structure which is rich in rhythm and based on the interaction of Yin-yang. This system takes Yin-yang as basic structure, takes the world model comes from 64 gua as its frame, and have combined the hierarchical network structure, the space-time coordinates, the time dimension which is nested and periodic and the interaction between heaven and human. It is also elastic and steady in a sense. The Image-Number Yi-ology have finally step down from the stage of history because it is too complex, overstate the importance of Image-Number and ignore the importance of Yili. The penetration of Image-Number Yi-ology to astronomy and calendar study has blocked the development of the latter. Nowadays some people have advanced the concept of Science Yi-ology. What we should know is that Yi-ology is complete different from science. The combination of Yi-ology and science can only have some guidance for each other, but can never verify each other in details. The opinion which believes that the theory of Yi-ology contain many cutting-edge achievement of modern science is totally wrong and inadvisable.更多还原