【作者】 马磊；

【导师】 程胜利； 黄智雄；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 社会保障， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人口老龄化、高龄化、空巢化的不断加剧,中国的养老模式也随之发生了相应的调整,逐渐由家庭养老向社会化养老演变。在社会化养老的多元主体中,社区的地位与作用逐渐凸显出来。社区福利服务中所蕴含着的养老功能具有独特优势,不仅受到老年人的接受与认可,也越来越受到政府的重视。从理论研究的角度来讲,社区福利服务符合家庭功能变迁理论中所指出的家庭养老功能逐渐弱化的发展趋势,也符合社会福利多元主义理论关于社会福利由多元主体组合来供给的主张。从现实意义的角度来讲,社区福利服务作为社会保障体系的一个组成部分,通过以社区为平台吸纳更多的社会资源以有利于我国养老模式向社会化方向发展,通过服务供给抵偿养老金提高的方式以缓解政府养老金的资金压力。从老年人的角度出发,社区福利服务能够更加直接、更加具体、更加有效地满足老年人的需求。因而,社区福利服务具有重要的理论价值、研究价值、应用价值。老年人服务需求,是社区福利服务实施的指向,是具体服务开展必须围绕的核心,也是相关服务项目与社会政策设计、制定的依据。因而,掌握与了解老年人对社区福利服务的需求情况,是保证社区服务能够有效满足老年人各种需要的前提,同时对社区福利服务的实施与开展,以及相关社会政策的设计与制定都具有重要的参考与资证作用。本文的研究主题是城市老年人对社区福利服务的需求情况。本研究以济南市M社区为个案,通过定量研究的方法测量城市老年人对社区福利服务不同服务模块的需求情况,以及不同年龄段老年人之间服务需求程度排序方面的差异。本研究发现城市老年人目前对社区福利服务六个服务模块的了解情况与参与情况都比较低；城市老年人对社区福利服务的潜在需求较高,但是有效需求偏低；城市老年人对社区福利服务不需要的原因主要集中在个人、家庭两个方面,但是影响其对社区福利服务需求程度的因素主要集中在个人、社区两个方面。同时,本研究发现不同年龄段老年人之间在服务需求程度排序方面也存在一定的差异：60-69岁、70-79岁两个年龄段的老年人对六个服务模块的需求选择情况具有较高相似性,按需求程度从高到低的顺序依次是：文体娱乐服务、教育培训服务、精神慰藉服务、医疗保健服务、再就业服务、生活照料服务,也就是说60-79岁年龄段的老年人重点关注的是文体娱乐服务、教育培训服务模块。80岁及以上的老年人非常需要的社区服务按需求程度依次是：生活照料服务、文体娱乐服务、教育培训服务、医疗保健服务、再就业服务、精神慰藉服务,也就是说80岁及以上年龄段老年人重点关注生活照料服务、医疗保健服务模块。并且生活照料服务由80岁之前的第六位需求急剧上升为80岁及以上年龄段的第一位需求。此外,本文在分析过程中也发现老年人在服务需求满足的路径与模式方面存在着规律性的顺序与中断。本文尝试依据并结合“差序格局”与“求助模式”的有关思想,提出“求助循序”的概念并建构出模式图来解释与说明老年人服务需求获得满足的路径模式。最后,本文依据社区福利服务的属性以及研究过程中的体会,从社区福利服务需要预防的相关趋势、社区福利服务能够减缓家庭养老功能外化、社区福利服务概念在社会政策领域中的未来应用三个方面进行探讨与讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the population aging, the aging of the aged and the gradually aggravating phenomenon of empty-nest, the pattern of providing for the aged in China has also made some corresponding adjustments, evoluting from family supporting to social providing step by step. Among the mixed social providing subjects, community is playing a more and more important role.The providing function containing in the community welfare services has the unique advantages. So, the community welfare service not only receives the senior citizens’ approval and acceptance but also more and more emphasizing from the government. From the angle of theory researching, the community welfare service accords with the declining trend of the function of family supporting and the viewpoint that social welfare should be supplied by mixed subjects. In terms of practical significance, the community welfare service is one component part of social security system. It could advance the pattern of providing for the aged to develop towards the socialization direction through absorbing more social supporting resources based on the community platform. And it could alleviate the government’s pension pressure through compensating or replacing the increase in the pension by service supply. From the aspect of needs of the senior citizens, the community welfare service could meet the senior citizens’needs more effectively, directly and concretely than other ways. So, the community welfare service has very important value of theory, research and application.The demands for services of senior citizens are the aims of implementing community welfare services, the core of practiciing the concrete services and the basis of designing and formulating some related service programs and social policies. Therefore, to grasp and understand the senior citizens’demands situation for community welfare services could guarantee the community services to be able to meet various needs of the senior citizens, meanwhile, could supply critical references and important proofs for the community welfare services’implementating and the related social policies’drafting and drawing up.The research subject of this article is the demand situation for the community welfare service of urban senior citizens. This study takes the M community in Jinan as a case. The paper measures the demanding situation of urban senior citizens for different service modules and the disparities of demanding-degree sorting among different age groups through quantitative investigation. The research discoveries that both the realizing and participating rate of the six modules of the community welfare services are low. Although the protential demanding rate is large, the valid demanding rate is not high. The no-demanding reasons mainly focus on the individual and family aspects, but the effecting factores of demanding-degree mainly focus on the personal and community aspects. Meanwhile, the paper realizes the disparities of demanding-degree sorting among different age-sections. There are many similarities in the demanding situation for six service modules between 60-69 years old group and the 70-79 years old group. Sorting by demanding-degree from high to low, the sequence of services is entertainment and physical exercise service, education and training service, spirital consolation service, medical and health-keeping service, re-employment service, care service. That is to say, the 60-79 years old group demand more community entertainment and physical exercise service and education and training service than the other modules services. And the sequence of 80 years old and over 80 years old group is care service, entertainment and physical exercise service, education and training service, medical and health-keeping service, re-employment service, spirital consolation service. That is to say, the over 79 years old group demand more community care service and entertainment and physical exercise service than the other modules services. Moreover, the community care service soars to the first demand of over 79 years old group from the sixth demand of 60-79 years old group. In addition, the author discovers that there is a kind of regular sequence and a special interruption during the period of help seeking and satisfaction obtaining. Finally, This paper attempts to proposes a concept "resorting sequence" and constructs a schema graph to explain and show the help-seeking sequence and the satisfication-obtaining route of the senior citizens’ service demands according to the related thoughts of "Chaxu Geju" and "help-seeking model" Afterwards, the author poses some discussion from three aspects, the community welfare services needing to prevent sone developing trends, the community welfare services being able to slow down the externalization of family providing function and the concept application in the field of social policy in the future.更多还原