【作者】 曹冉冉；

【导师】 莫丹谊；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 刑事诉讼法学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 我国有控制犯罪的法律传统,立法和司法都存在“重实体、轻程序”的问题,这也是我国理论界的研究焦点之一。但我国的司法改革不能为解决轻程序的问题而“惟当事人主义”,必须要考量诉讼模式背后的法律文化发展过程。不符合我国法律文化与社会实际的法律移植,难免会造成水土不服。在理论上,当事人主义的对抗制诉讼偏重程序正义,大陆法系的职权主义诉讼偏重实体正义。但事实上,在当前的社会环境下,当事人主义国家通过确立无害错误规则不断修正对正当程序的过分适用,以避免放纵罪犯;职权主义国家也在司法改革中不断加强程序立法,限制公权力以加强人权保障。各国司法改革的主要趋势是各国根据司法传统和国情对程序价值有所偏重的前提下,趋于兼顾实体正义与程序正义。笔者通过正当程序规则与无害错误规则引出程序正义与实体正义的概念,介绍这两种规则在各国的体现,来比较两种诉讼模式下对程序规则的态度。本文内容分为四个部分,作如下安排:第一部分,概述正当程序规则与无害错误规则的概念。本章通过正当程序规则引出程序正义,通过无害错误规则引出实体正义,指出无害错误规则是对过分适用正当程序的修正,在保障人权的基础上实现实体正义。第二部分,介绍两大法系主要国家程序规则的变迁及其原因。本章通过介绍英美德法四国,因法文化传统及不同时期社会实际的不同而对程序规则的不断改革,得出各国不同程序规则的确立是依据司法实践的不同,但主要趋势是兼顾实体正义与程序正义。第三部分,分析我国刑事诉讼程序意识的历史及现状。本章首先分析了我国传统刑事诉讼程序的最大特点是重实体、轻程序,然后指出造成这种传统的主要原因是封建君权的高度集中与社会的“无诉”思想。最后,在立法、司法上,依然存在重实体轻程序的问题,而理论上则有对程序正义矫枉过正的倾向。第四部分,根据各国程序规则意识的变迁对我国司法改革提出建议。本章首先指出,适应社会实际是正确处理程序正义与实体正义的平衡点,我国进行司法改革必须遵循法文化传统及社会现实。然后对我国刑事诉讼改革提出建议,第一要通过确立正当程序规则监督司法权力,第二要通过程序制裁性措施保障程序规则的落实,第三要确立无害错误规则以符合我国注重控制犯罪的国情,在保障人权的基础上实现实体正义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country has the legal tradition of crime controlling, legislative and judicial all exist the problem of "heavy entity, light procedure", this is also the oretical research focus in our country. But Chinese judicial reform can’t party doctrine to solve the problem of light procedure , it must consider lawsuit pattern of legal culture behind the development process. If not according with Chinese legal culture and social practical legal transplant, soil disaffected will inevitably cause.In theory, the parties socialist adversary system litigation lay particular stress on, continental law of procedure justice powers of socialist litigation lay the substantive justice on. But in fact, in the current society, the parties socialist countries constantly amend due process rules excessive applicable by establishing harmless error correction ,to avoid indulgence criminals; Authority socialist countries also continuously strengthen legislative procedure in judicial reform, to limited public power strengthen human rights protection. All the main trend of judicial reform is , all countries has stressing different program value according to the judicial tradition, tends to give consideration to both justice and procedural justice. The author, in order to compare the two litigation mode for the rules of procedure of attitude ,intuoducing the concept and reflecting of the procedure justice and the substantive justice,which be prodded the concet of the proper procedure rules and harmless procedural rules.The article content is divided into four parts, makes the following arrangement:The first part,outlines the concept due procedure rules and harmless error rule. This chapter lead to procedure justice through the proper procedure rules, lead to substantive justice through harmless errors rules, and points out that harmless error rule be the amending of proper procedure rules excessively using, in order to achieve the substantive justice based on protecting human rights. The second part, introduces changes and reason of procedural rule’s in the major countries of two important legal systems . Through this chapter’s introduction of Egland, America,French and German,these countries conyantly amend procedural rules according different legal tradition and social reality. All the main trend of judicial reform is , all countries has stressing different program value according to the judicial tradition, tends to give consideration to both justice and procedural justice.The third part , analyz the history and current awareness of our criminal procedure. This chapter firstly analyzed Chinese traditional criminal litigation procedure consciousness the biggest characteristic is to heavy entity, light procedure, then points out that the main reason causing this tradition is the highly centralized feudal monarchy and society’s "no lawsuit" ideology. Finally, in legislative, judicial, remains heavy entity light procedure problems, and theory of procedural justice, there is the tendency of backward.The fourth part, according to the rules of procedure of consciousness changes,offer suggestions on our judicial reform.First of all ,this chapter point out, the balance of procedure justice and substantive justice is adapting to social reality, our reform must follow the ledgle tradition and social reality. And then put suggestions to our country criminal litigation reform, first to establish proper procedure rules, second to enforce procedure rules by punishment rules, the third ,establish harlmless error to fit the fact of contrlling crime in our country, in order to achieve the substantive justice based on protecting human rights.更多还原