【作者】 曹文庚；

【导师】 陈南祥；

【作者基本信息】 华北水利水电学院 ， 水文学及水资源， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 河套平原是我国大陆砷中毒的典型区域。病区主要包括19个乡镇,各村镇病情轻重差别悬殊。根据高砷地下水分布特征及各个典型的地质地貌单元,选择砷污染严重的地区及发病区,在河套平原首次建立典型剖面,在典型剖面上系统地采集水土样品,进行岩相古地理和地球化学分析,开展砷污染地区和非砷污染地区的对比分析,总结地下水砷污染的模式,研究地下水砷污染机理。本次研究分别在杭后-临河、五原县-乌拉特前旗西小召、土默特左旗-托克托县布置三条典型剖面,沿地下水流向布置,穿越山前冲洪积平原和黄河冲湖积平原（大黑河冲湖积平原）两个重要的地貌单元,北起阴山大青山南麓,南北贯穿河套平原,南至黄河北岸。在各典型地貌单元取样研究,将地质环境特征和地下水砷分布规律联系起来,宏观分析河套平原浅层地下水排泄路径上影响砷富集迁移的一系列化学组分,以及不同地质环境条件下砷富集变化特征和高砷地下水的吸附释放机理,这对整个河套平原高砷地下水形成机理的研究具有重要的意义。本文的主要研究内容及成果包括:1、结合三个典型剖面的研究结果,圈定出河套平原三大砷中毒地区——杭锦后旗、五原以及土默特左旗的高砷分布范围。2、对河套地区砷来源进行了分析研究,结合地质、水文等多方面资料,可得出河套平原的砷来源是多种因素结合造成的结果。3、根据三条典型剖面的水化学资料分析得出,河套平原As³⁺占总As的比例远远大于As⁵⁺所占的比例。C(As³⁺)/C(As⁵⁺)与总As的浓度呈正相关性。4、经试验结果可推测砷和HCO₃^-有着紧密的联系,可以认为河套地区高砷水为HCO₃型水。5、高砷地下水中,砷的存在形态主要为H₃AsO₃和HAsO₄^2-。6、吸附解吸是砷迁移和释放的主要行为,其主要的吸附剂是粘土矿物和Fe的氧化物或者氢氧化物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hetao region is a typical arsenic poisoning area in China.The area includes 19 towns,and the severity of disease is vast discrepancies.In the Hetao Plain arsenic pollution research,this study was first bring in the method of typical section according to the distribution of characteristics of high arsenic groundwater and selecting the arsenic areas.The author systematically collected groundwater and soil samples to analysis the lithofacies palaeogeography and geochemistry, carry out comparatively analysis of arsenic contaminated areas and non-arsenic-contaminated areas,summary the pattern of arsenic contaminative groundwater and study the arsenic contamination mechanism of groundwater.This study assigned three typical profiles: HangJinhou Banner-Linhe county,Wuyuan Town-XiaoZhao county in Wulate Front Bannner,Tumote left Banner-Tuoketuo county.The profiles were assigned to follow the direction of groundwater flowing.The profiles crossed two important geomorphic units,which were the piedmont alluvial diluvial plain and the Yellow River alluvial lacustrine plain（Daheihe River alluvial lacustrine plain）.The south of Daqingshan was north of the profile,than run throμgh the whole Hetao Plain,finally south to the north of Yellow River.We sampled and studied in every typical geomorphic unit,uniting the geological environment and the distribution of arsenic in groundwater to obtain macroscopic analyses of a series of chemistry components, which affected the remobilization and accumulation of arsenic,in the path of ground water excreting .The item also studied the characteristics changes of arsenic and the release mechanism of high arsenic water under different geological environment.The reaserch is significant to study the formation mechanism of high arsenic groundwater in the Hetao Plain.The main research contents and results included as below:1. With the findings of three typical profiles, the authors as certain the main high arsenic distribution.2. With studying the source of arsenic in Hetao region,and unite geological, hydrological and other aspects of information,the author have drawed a conclusion that there were many reasons for the source of arsenic. 3. According to the hydrochemical materials,the author have drawed a conclusion that As³⁺ was more than As⁵⁺ in the study area.4. The test results of this item can be assumed that the arsenic and the HCO₃^- linked tightly and we can assort the high-arsenic water for HCO₃^- type water,in Hetao region.5. In high-arsenic groundwater,the presence of arsenic forms mainly were: H₃AsO₃ and HAsO₄^2-.6. The major act of arsenic migration and releasion was adsorption and desorption, and the adsorbent was clay mineral, iron oxides and iron hydroxide.更多还原