【作者】 刘忠科；

【导师】 陈颖； 李德友；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 化学工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 MTBE是近二十年来发展最快的石油化工产品之一,广泛地应用于汽油产品的调和,目前虽然美国、日本、丹麦等国由于美国加州由于地下汽油罐泄漏,导致MTBE污染地下水源的问题,纷纷提出要禁止在汽油中添加MTBE,但是根据预测,在未来相当长的一段时期内,亚太和北欧等地区的MTBE需求量不但不会下降而且还有上升的趋势。本文针对前郭石化公司年产2.0万吨/年MTBE装置在运行过程中出现的催化剂使用寿命短的问题,从反应器运行的宏观现象和使用后的催化剂分析数据两个方面,结合催化剂失活的原理、机理进行分析、对照,最终得出结论:前郭石化公司MTBE装置醚化催化剂的失活是一个扩散形失活,而不是平推流形的失活,影响催化剂使用寿命的主要原因在于原料碳四中的小分子胺、碱(钠离子)和水含量高所致。在查出催化剂使用寿命短的原因后,针对这些原因,在装置上采取了对液化气进行水洗以洗去液化气中的小分子胺和碱(钠离子);对水洗后的液化气使用聚结器脱水和罐区沉降脱水,以脱除液化气中的游离水;对气体分馏装置的精馏塔的顶压、顶温、回流量、回流温度进行调整以达到进一步减少MTBE装置原料碳四中的水含量的目的。通过这些措施的实施,使催化剂的使用寿命增加了近一倍,连续使用时间达到16个月,基本与国内同类装置持平,效果非常明显。更多还原

【Abstract】 MTBE is one of the petrochemical products most rapidly developed in the recent twenty years. It is widely used in the blending of gasoline. Even though the addition of MTBE in gasoline have been prohibited in many countries, including USA, Japan and Denmark, because the leakage of the underground oil tanks leads to the pollution of water sources. by estimation, but the demand of MTBE in the Asian-Pacific areas and North European areas will not decline, and get rise in a rather long period of time.For the short lifetime of the catalyst in a 20,000 metric ton per year MTBE unit, combined the principle and mechanism of losing activity of catalyst with the analysis data of the non-active catalyst and the macroscopic pHenomena in the reactor running, the paper gave the reasons as follows:First, the activity losing of etherification catalyst in the MTBE unit is a diffusing one, not the pushing one. Second, the main reason of the short lifetime of catalyst is the high content of small molecular amine, alkali or sodium ion and water in the raw material of C4 fraction.To solve the above problems, several measures had been taken in the paper. These measures are, first, removing the small molecular amine and alkali or sodium ion by washing the LPG, second, separating the free water in the liquid gas by using the filter and tank sedimentation and third, decreasing the water content of material C4 fraction by adjusting the top pressure, top temperature, reflux amount and reflux temperature of the rectifying tower in gas fractionation unit. These measures double the use lifetime of the catalyst to 16 months in continuous process, reaching the high internal level with the same MTBE unit, significantly improving the catalyst lifetime in the MTBE plant.更多还原