【作者】 吴涛；

【导师】 石爱虎；

【作者基本信息】 集美大学 ， 国民经济学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 2004年以后,我国沿海地区首次出现了“民工荒”的现象。近几年来,这一现象开始向我国内陆地区蔓延,成为我国劳动力市场供给方面一个十分突出的问题。2010年春,“民工荒”现象在我国愈演愈烈,特别是那些经历了金融海啸的冲击后,在全球经济的逐渐复苏,用工企业重新恢复生产之时,招工难又成为他们面临的一项难题。根据统计,2010年东部沿海地区出现大规模的用工荒,仅珠三角地区的缺口就超过200万。“民工荒”现象主要存在于劳动密集型企业之中,这些企业的用工对象主要就是进城务工的农村剩余劳动力,由于用工企业不能及时找到足够的劳动力进行生产,从而使这些企业无法有效的组织生产,这样不但对企业的生产和信誉造成不良影响,同时也在一定程度上影响了我国经济的健康发展。本文以人口流动模型为工具,以“民工荒”为主线,研究我国在大量剩余劳动力存在的情况下发生“民工荒”问题的原因及其解决思路。文章首先对我国“民工荒”的背景、特征进行相关的描述;其次通过对刘易斯模型、费景汉-拉尼斯模型和托达罗模型等西方经典的人口流动模型的分析,来解释我国“民工荒”现象产生的原因,提出我国“民工荒”产生的原因主要是产业结构的调整﹑预期收入差距的变化﹑城市失业率的提高以及打工红利的下降;然后将托达罗模型扩展,把心理荣誉感和幸福感指数两个因素加入到托达罗模型之中,进而从心理状态来解释我国“民工荒”现象的成因;最终在此基础上,论证了破解我国“民工荒”问题的策略:加快产业结构升级与产业梯度转移﹑完善农村剩余劳动力的流动机制﹑建立灵活的劳动力供给机制﹑加强农村基础教育和农民工技能培训﹑提高农民工整体素质和大力发展农村经济。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coastal areas in China since 2004 firstly appeared a phenomenon called“shortage of off-farm workers”.In recent years, this phenomenon began to spread inland areas of China, as a Serious problem in the labor market.“Shortage of off-farm workers”intensified in spring 2010,especially some factories who experienced the impact of financial crisis were going to resume production. Labor shortages also became a prominent issue.According to the statistics in 2010, the eastern coastal areas of large-scale labor shortage, only the gap in the Pearl River Delta region reach to more than 200 millions, of which have the existence of the business employment gap.“Shortage of off-farm workers”is primarily in labor-intensive enterprises.Among the main targets of these enterprises is the employment of migrant rural surplus labor. However, labor companies can not find enough workers who have both time and labor ability.The results not only impacts the production and the reputation but also impacts China’s economic development.In this paper, which makes the population floating model as a tool and“Shortage of off-farm workers”as the main line to research the cause of the problem of“shortage of off-farm workers”and solutions to the problem.Firstly the article introduced the background and the characteristics of the labor shortage. Secondly, this article analyzes the reasons for“Shortage of off-farm workers”through the Lewis model, Fei-Ranis model and the Todaro model. The main cause of“shortage of off-farm workers”are the adjustment of industrial structure,expected income gap between the urban unemployment rate increased and the lower profits to work in the city.And then added two factors into Todaro model--honor and happiness.Finally,the article demonstrated to resolve“shortage of off-farm workers”problem strategy: to accelerate industrial upgrading and improve industrial gradient transfer,to establish a flexible mechanism for frural surplus labors,strengthen rural basic education and skills training for migrant workers,to improve the overall quality of farmers and to develop the rural economy.更多还原