【作者】 陈子凯；

【导师】 林少芬；

【作者基本信息】 集美大学 ， 船舶与海洋工程结构物设计制造， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 由于电动叉车电机具有低电压大电流的特性,并且电机驱动需配备相应的控制器,因此电机和控制器必须进行严格匹配设计和调试,否则就很可能发生电控器功率管或者电机电枢线圈烧掉等安全问题,但是匹配设计有一定难度,需要通过大量的试验验证系统的各项性能。目前,国内尚未见此类综合型试验平台。因此建立专用的试验平台进行电机和电控器的特性检测以及参数匹配,获取控制器与电动机的动力性能的最佳匹配,实现系统优化设计论证,对主机厂至关重要。本文研究的课题是结合厦门厦工机械股份有限公司研制的“电机及其电控测试系统”,以适用于1t～5t系列电瓶叉车用交直流电机与控制器为研究对象,设计开发多通道同步数据采集与自动控制的测试系统。本文主要开展的研究包括:首先,针对测试要求,选择合理方案,完成电机硬件测试平台中系统传动结构、动力源、加载源和测控系统四大部分的搭建,着重解决叉车牵引电机所需的低电压大电流的程控驱动系统和试验模拟所需的加载系统。其次,建立直流电动机和交流电动机相关特性方程,分析驱动电源的控制模式,并为验证性试验和数据分析提供理论依据。依据传动方程和交流电动机的数学模型,分析试验平台的稳定性和测功机的控制方法。构建测试系统,设计模拟加速器,编写系统测控程序,完成数据测量与处理和报告输出,实现不同型号品牌的交流和直流电动机稳态性能、动态性能的测试。最后,建立叉车的简易电气系统和控制系统,设计验证性实验,实现直流电动机和交流电动机的独立测试以及电控器控制下的系统各项参数的测量,分析试验平台的各项性能,考察被试电动机的特性和电控器的控制性能,论证控制器与电机的匹配性,研究了电控器的控制机理并且发现此类电控设备在安全性方面有待改进。本文针对电动叉车应用的未来前景,实现了工程电机及其电控器测试系统的设计与研发,提升了叉车行业的试验研究水平、自主研发水平以及国际影响力,在国内尚未见相同的应用成果。该测试系统经合作单位试验测试,各项技术指标满足项目计划要求,通过项目验收。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the low voltage and high current characteristics of electric forklift motor and the requirement of motor drive to equip relevant controller, so the matching design and debugging for motor and controller must be done strictly, otherwise security problems may occur, such as burnout of power transistor of electric controller or motor armature winding, but the matching design, which is needed to do a large number of tests for verifying the properties of system, is done difficultly. There is no comprehensive type of test platform in china at present. Establishment of the special test platform which is used to do characteristic measurement and parameter matching, is very important for forklift factory, to obtain the best match on dynamic performance between motor and electrical controller and demonstrate the optimization of system.Combined with the development of "motor and electric controller test system" for Xiamen XGMA Machinery Co., Ltd., the subject of this paper designed and developed the test system with multi-channel synchronous data acquisition and automatic control for AC and DC motor used on 1t ~ 5t electric forklift. In this paper, the research work carried out includes:Firstly, according to test requirements, which consisted of four parts: system transmission structure, power source, loading source, testing and controlling system, the hardware test platform of motor that was emphatically to solve low voltage and high current of program control drive system which was the need of traction motor in forklift and loading system which was the need of experimental simulation, was built through choosing reasonable plan.Secondly, characteristic equation about DC motor and AC motor was established to analyze control mode of driving power and provide theoretical basis for verifying test and data analysis. Based on transmission equations and mathematical model of AC motor, the stability of test platform as well as the control method of dynamometer were analyzed. Besides, the test system was constructed and accelerator simulation was designed. Eventually, the program of test and control system, which can complete report output, was compiled to achieve the state performance and dynamic performance testing for different manufacturers as well as types of AC, DC motor.Finally, by setting up simple forklift electrical system and control system, to design the verification experiment, the independent test of DC motor and AC motor as well as the measurement of system parameters under the control of electronic controller were realized. The properties of test and control system were analyzed. In addition, the characteristic of tested motors and control performance of electronic controller were investigated and the matching ability between motor and electrical controller was demonstrated. The control mechanism of electronic controller was obtained and the research results show that the equipment should be improved in security.According to the future of electric forklift truck, the design and development of testing system of motor and electronic controller in engineering was achieved in this paper upgrading the level of research and measurement, independent development as well as international influence on forklift industry, and there is no similar applied production interiorly by far in the domestic. The test system which has been tested by the cooperative company has passed the project check, and all of the technical index meet the program requests.更多还原