【作者】 胡艺丹；

【导师】 蒋承勇；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 托妮·莫里森于1993年荣膺诺贝尔文学奖,是历史上首位获此殊荣的黑人女作家,为二十世纪美国黑人文学树立起了又一座丰碑。莫里森的小说大都以黑人社区为背景,以普通黑人为主人公,一方面反映美国社会中黑人的历史和命运,另一方面描写黑人种族内部的种种关系和生活经历。探索自我和身份是贯穿于莫里森创作的最为重要的主题之一。本文以莫里森小说中的非裔美国黑人男性为研究对象,从种族和性别两方面入手,探讨黑人男性存在的或隐或显的身份危机,同时找寻莫里森为其提出的危机化解途径。绪论部分主要是对全文背景的介绍,研究现状的综述和相关概念的界定。首先对二十世纪美国黑人文学的三次高潮进行宏观审视。莫里森是第三次高潮中的代表人物。其次对中、外莫里森研究现状进行回顾总结,指出研究重点与盲点,以期提出自己的论点。在此基础上,介绍本文的研究内容,并对题目中出现的两个概念“双重意识”、“身份危机”进行界定。第一章,从种族角度出发,探讨种族意识下的文化身份危机。自从踏上北美大陆的那一刻起,黑人一直饱受着种族歧视和压迫。白人在经济、政治、文化等方面迫害着他们,特别是文化霸权导致了黑人男性精神的错位。他们或是背弃自我,自觉认同白人文化;或是固守自我,盲目守候黑人文化;或是迷失自我,在黑白文化夹缝中沉沦。第二章,从性别角度出发,研究性别意识下的男性身份危机。面对种族歧视和压迫,黑人男性本应与同族女性团结起来,守候黑人精神家园。然而,男性中心主义的存在,使黑人男性在饱受种族创伤的同时失去了女性的支持与信任,从而不知如何维持男性身份,导致了性别身份危机的产生。他们或是选择逃离家庭;或是用暴力发泄恐惧;或是做出畸形行为;或是彻底依赖女性。第三章,探讨在种族和性别双重身份危机下,美国黑人男性的最终出路。莫里森视写作为“一种思考方式”,她在无情地揭露黑人男性身份危机的同时,也为他们化解身份危机指明了方向。她认为无论是对待种族问题,还是处理两性关系,都应该追求一种和谐。种族方面,在坚守黑人民族优秀文化传统的同时汲取西方现代文明的养料,创造出适合在美国社会中生存、发展并繁荣的新黑人文化。性别方面,一方面男性应放下高高在上的姿态与女性平等对话,另一方面女性也应包容与理解男性,共建两性和谐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1993, Toni Morrison is the first black female writer being the laureate in the history, has set up another monument for American black literature in the twentieth century. Black communities as its most backgrounds, ordinary blacks as its most heroes, Morison’s works on one hand, reflects blacks’history and destiny in American society, on the other, depicts various relationships and life experiences within the black race. The exploration of self and identity has remained one of the most significant themes throughout Morrison’s creation. Starting from both race and gender, this thesis focuses on African American black males produced by Morrison, exploring the hidden or obvious identity crisis existed among black males while in the search for the crisis-defusing approach put forward by Morrison.The introduction of my thesis is to introduce background,research and concept of this issue.First I’ll have a macro examination of the three climaxes of American black literature in the twentieth century. Morrison is the representative of the third one. Then I’ll have a review and summary of the current research situation for Morrison both abroad and at home, point out research priorities and blind spots, hoping to raise my own arguments. After this basis follows the introduction of the research contents of my thesis and the definition of the two concepts“double consciousness”and“identity crisis”which appear in the title.The first chapter is to probe into the cultural identity crisis under the ethnic consciousness from the ethnic point of view. Blacks have been plagued by ethnic discrimination and oppression since the moment they set foot on the North American Continent. White men have always being persecuting them in economic, political and cultural dimensions. Particularly, the cultural hegemony had resulted in the dislocation of black males’spirit. They either abandon themselves approving the white culture consciously; either stick to themselves guarding the black culture blindly; either lose themselves sinking into the crack between the two cultures.The second chapter is to research males’identity crisis under gender consciousness from the gender perspective. Confronted with the ethnic discrimination and oppression, black males should have united with females of the same ethnic group and guarded blacks’spiritual home. However, the presence of male-centralism has made black males suffer greatly from ethnical trauma and lose females’support and trust. They have no idea about how to maintain their male identity, which leads to the birth of the gender identity crisis. They may choose to flee their homes, may vent their fears through the use of violence, or behave abnormally, or depend on females completely.The third chapter is to find the ultimate way out of American black males under the double identity crises of race and gender. Morrison considers writing as“a way of thinking”, exposing mercilessly the identity crisis of black males, meanwhile, showing clearly the direction to resolve the identity crisis. She holds the view that we should seek one kind of harmony no matter in the face of racial issues or in the treatment of gender relations. As for the racial part, we should keep to black fine traditions while drawing upon the nourishments of modern western civilization, as so to create one new black culture which is suitable to exist, develop and prosper in American society. As for the gender part, on one hand, males should lower down their superior attitude and conduct equal dialogues with females, on the other, females should be tolerant and understanding towards males thus the gender harmony can be established.更多还原