【作者】 张倩倩；

【导师】 田良臣；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 教育是关涉个体幸福的事业,但因各种原因,教育活动中常有偏离幸福目标的现象。生活中孩子们常常采用不当的幸福认知和挫折应对方式,在成长过程中少有幸福感。很多时候,我们是在培养会考试的“被试”,而不是能够创造并享有幸福的“人”。已有幸福与挫折教育的研究,将幸福与挫折对举,幸福教育缺少挫折的丰富内涵,挫折教育没有幸福的目标指向。其背后的根源是简单的二元对立思维模式,这样的教育远离了教育为个体幸福的价值旨归;现实的幸福与挫折教育大多停留在口号式的倡导阶段,相关教育活动空泛而无针对性,表现为教育内容的空洞,教育策略的贫乏。由此导致的结果是不少中小学生幸福感不高,素养结构中缺乏创造并享有幸福人生的能力。本研究以无锡市小学生为调查对象,试图探明小学挫折教育实施的现状,整合已有的研究资源,以此为依据构建幸福视域内的小学生挫折教育,探究小学生挫折教育的有效策略。调查发现,在挫折认知方面,大部分的小学生能够积极的认知挫折,但不一定能以积极的方式应对挫折;在挫折体验方面,不同年级小学生的挫折体验的内容存在差异;在挫折归因方面,成绩、外界因素影响小学生对挫折的归因;在挫折应对方面,不同年级、成绩等级的小学生应对挫折的方式存在差异,而小学生应对挫折的方式依赖于外界的帮助。本文通过问卷,得出小学生对幸福与挫折理解,这对构建幸福视域内的小学生挫折教育研究有重要的意义。将挫折教育置于幸福视域内,将挫折作为幸福教育的资源,从为了学习者的幸福人生这一主旨出发,探究小学生的挫折教育。挫折教育的本质在于通过提升学生的抗挫折能力,尤其是直面和应对挫折的能力,进而提升他们的幸福素养,为其创造和享有幸福的人生提供支持;挫折教育的具体内容应包括挫折认知、挫折体验、对挫折的归因与挫折应对。在此基础上提出幸福视域内小学生挫折教育的相关策略:选择合宜的挫折教育内容,形成积极的挫折认知;创设情境,深化小学生的挫折体验;深化认识,形成正确的挫折归因;开发各种资源,积极应对挫折。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education is the individual happiness and relate to the cause, but for all kinds of reasons, education activity has a tendency to deviate from the phenomenon of happiness goals. Children in their life often use undeserved happiness cognitive and setbacks to deal with the growing up little happiness. Sometimes, we are in the training of the exam will, but not to try not to create and enjoy the happiness of the" people ".According to happily and frustration education research, we will find that not only happiness was isolated from setbacks ,but also setbacks to life happiness education lack the abundant connotations of setbacks and frustration education that was not the aim of happiness. Behind the root that is cause of the simple binary thinking mode, such education away from the education for the individual value happiness tastes; Real happiness and frustration education mostly stay in advocacy stage, education activities related to concrete and no specific aim, the performance for the education content hole, education strategy of the poor.This is the result that happiness of many primary and medium-sized students is not high, who lack the ability of creating and enjoying their happy life. This study is base on investigating primary school students in Wuxi as object for trying to primary school education in the implementation of the setback proved present situation. The integration of the existing research resources based on construction of primary school pupils in happiness horizon setback education, primary school students to explore the effective strategy of education setbacks.This study will setback education in happiness, with sight of happiness education as a setback to the learners resources from the happy life this theme of exploring the setback education, primary school students. The survey found, when pupils face setbacks, who has the positive emotional attitude of primary school children, can use the correct attitude to face setbacks, to be contrary, who do not use a positive way to cope with setbacks, sometimes they even take negative emotions, fear frustration, and then take the frustration of escape, because they do not have an idea that how to deal with frustration. I attend to put forward related strategy based on happiness in frustration education of the pupils under horizon of happiness.更多还原