【作者】 王姝；

【导师】 周福岩；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 民俗学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以东北地区民间特有的冬季饮食文化为研究对象,运用民俗学、人类学等理论,通过田野调查与文献资料相结合的研究方法,着重去发现小传统持有者对抗自然生境异己一面的智慧,及其冬季民间饮食文化建构的合理性。众所周知,包括饮食文化在内的东北文化长期滞后于中原地区,本文以其南部能够率先吸收到中原文化的城市,辽宁沈阳地区为个案,展示民众在漫长、寒冷的冬季特定自然条件下围绕果腹而采取一系列积极措施的场景,展现劳动民众对抗寒冬的智慧与策略,并关注这些在长期实践中积累而来的传统知识的现代遭遇。而寻找饮食活动背后的文化理性是论文的目的所在。本文除绪论和结束语外共分五章:绪论部分主要介绍的是选题的目的与意义、研究现状及本文的研究方法与不足。第一章分别介绍东北地区和沈阳市自然生态与社会人文背景。勾勒出区域内民众在冬季特定自然生境下采取的衣、住、行、食全方位越冬准备场景。第二章首先介绍民众围绕“果腹”这一第一要务而采取的一系列策略。冬储活动旨在应对冬季蔬菜品种的匮乏,这样的措施是绝对必要的。其次,阐述热衷于喝酒吃肉的东北饮食现象,是因食物所具有的御寒保暖功效才成为普遍。这些知识均为广大民众在长期实践中的创造,是合宜的选择。第三章比较南北方民众食物储备的异同。腌制食俗、晾晒食俗等不单见于东北,在四季食材相对丰富的南方地区也十分普遍。阐述不同地区民众的饮食性情因所处生境的不同而异。饮食文化虽然依托生态区位建构,但是不同地区与民族的饮食文化可以进行跨界的借鉴、交流与融合。第四章指出东北民众运用于饮食生活中的审美情趣与哲学理念。东北虽然在文化上始终滞后于中原,但却并不妨碍其民众审美意识的觉醒。探讨粗犷、朴实的饮食文化中符合“和谐”哲学思想的方面。第五章阐述东北冬季独特的“食谱”已成为东北文化的表征。介绍冬季饮食文化的现状,传统生活的经验、知识、策略在科学发展的现代生活中的传袭状况,既实现了延续也发生了淘汰。阐述现代科学知识对传统的冲击,科技的进步给日常生活带去更多机会和选择,一些传统就不可避免地发生改变。我们可以在任何时期、任何地区发现民众为适应生境做出的努力,并在践行当中积累出丰富的知识和经验,这些知识和经验在横向时空中相互借鉴又在纵向的历史时期世代传袭。在历史进程中,传统的变异不可避免,而传统因何而变,又将变成如何,这是值得我们关注的话题。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper attempts to the Diet Culture of Northeastern Area in winter, by the Theories of Folklore and Anthropology, it combines field work and literature data research methods. And the importance is to find the common people’s wisdom which is dealing with the disadvantageous part come from nature, also the rationality of Folk Diet Culture of winter. the Diet Culture of Northeastern, include the Diet Culture, Falls behind in the Central Area’s for a long time, so, this paper choose the city of Shenyang as a case study, which is located at the south position of Northeastern Area, and can be effected by the advanced culture form Central Area. In addition, it is presented a scene that common people take a series of positive measures to solve the difficulty, just for“eating to the full”. The wisdom and the measures are created by common people to cope with the cold and the long winter. And we also pay attention to the situation of traditional knowledge in the modern age, the traditional knowledge is produced in labor practice. And the purpose is to find the reason of the culture for the practice.Except the introduction and the concluding remarks, this article is divided into five parts.The introduction part explains the goal and the significance of the topic selection, the present situation of the research, as well as the research methods and shortcoming of the article.Chapter One introduces the ecological and social background of northeastern area and Shenyang. To present us the people’s wisdom and measures of the whole lives in this specific area, include clothing, eating, housing , transporting, and so on.Chapter Two introduces the essential measures carried on food, the most important thing. Reserving food is necessary because vegetable is quite deficient in the winter of northeastern area. In addition, people in the northeastern area are partial to liquor and meat. That habit is quite popular in this area because food like liquor and meat provide energy to body, in order to keep a warm temperature in winter.Chapter Three explains different and common feature between South China and North China. The custom such as sousing vegetables and exposing vegetables to the sun is quite common in everywhere. Finding people in different area have different diet character. Diet culture is produced thanks to ecological environment. But it has a thorough a profound grasp of different diet culture, exchanging can take place in different areas and nation.Chapter Four introduces aesthetic consciousness and philosophy idea can be find in the diet of northeastern area. Especially, culture in northeastern falls behind in the central area’s, but there are no barriers effect people’s Esthetic consciousness awakening in this area. And we are also to discuss“HeXie”idea in philosophy in the rough and simple diet culture of northeastern area.Chapter Five expound the special“recipe”is a symbol of Northeastern Area in winter. Introduce present situation of diet culture in winter at first. Science and technology have been developed rapidly day after day. Traditional experience, knowledge and measures have been changed in that background. Some of them have been inherited,some of them have been abandon. Influence on tradition by modernity. It is inevitable that the domain of science and the domain of daily influence each other, because they exist in the same space and time. Science and technology advance day by day, more and more chance take place. That is to say, changing about tradition is inevitable.We notice common people’s make efforts to adopt nature in every period and every area. And they sum up experience and knowledge, the experience and knowledge are used for each reference, inherited in every period. Variation is inevitable. Under modernity linguistic environment, why does the tradition change, and what will the tradition change to, it is a focus worth us paying attention.更多还原