【作者】 李洪明；

【导师】 赵玉华；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨体育学院 ， 运动人体科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国现代冬季两项运动是1960年在解放军滑雪队首先开展的,与欧洲国家相比起步较晚,但发展比较迅速。冬季两项运动是越野滑雪和射击相结合的雪上项目,不仅滑行快而且要射击准,对运动员各项身体指标有着自身的要求,所以为了保证冬季两项运动的可持续发展,有必要对冬季两项运动员身体形态和专项素质进行总结和分析。我们通过研究和分析我国优秀冬季两项运动员的身体形态特征和专项素质,以确立我国优秀冬季两项运动员的身体形态测量指标和专项素质测定指标,并对其进行客观评价,为我国冬季两项运动员的选材和训练提供理论依据,以便有效地提高运动员的竞技能力,促进我国冬季两项竞技水平的发展。本研究采用文献资料法、调查法、测量法和数理统计法。其中包括对运动员的体格、身体成分、速度素质、力量素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质、灵敏和协调素质。将测量的结果与我国普通冬季两项运动员和国外优秀冬季两项运动员进行纵向比较,与同项群项目(体能主导类速度耐力项目如中长跑、长距离滑冰、皮划艇等)和部分雪上项目进行横向比较。研究结果表明：我国优秀冬季两项运动员的身体形态与国外优秀运动员、部分雪上项目运动员、冬季两项普通运动员和体能主导类速度耐力性项目及部分雪上项目之间有一定的差别。我国优秀冬季两项运动员的身高和体重相对处于上中等水平,身体的各指标相对较高,如上、下肢较长、小腿加足高相对较长,横向发育较好,肩和骨盆均略宽,身体比较强壮,充实度较高,营养状况良好。专项素质较好,其中100米跑、1500米跑、单位时间内完成俯卧撑数量、横纵劈叉、反复横跨的能力处于较高水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s modern biathlon sport originates from Peoples Liberation Army’s ski team in 1960, which starts late compared with European countries’, but develops rapidly. As a snow sport, biathlon is the combination of cross-country skiing and shooting, requiring that athletes not only ski fast but also shoot accurately. Thus the sport has its own requirements on various body indicators of athletes. In order to ensure the sustainable development of biathlon, it is necessary to make a summary and analysis on physical characteristics and special quality of China’s biathlon athletes. Through doing research and analysis on the physical characteristics and special quality of China’s biathlon elites, the paper establishes measure indicators of body shape and special quality of China’s biathlon elites and carries out an objective evaluation on them. Thus it helps provide a theoretical basis for selecting and training biathlon athletes in order to effectively improve the athlete’s athletic ability and promote the development of biathlon competitive level.In this paper, literature, survey, measurement and statistics, including athlete’s fitness, body composition, speed, power, endurance, flexibility, agility and coordination quality. Then the measurement result will be lengthways compared with those of China’s ordinary biathlon athletes and foreign biathlon elites and transverse with those of projects of the same group (physically-oriented speed and endurance items such as long distance, long distance skating, canoeing, etc.) and some snow projects.The study results show that:there is great difference in physical characteristics between biathlon elites and foreign elite athletes, some snow athletes, ordinary biathlon athletes, and athletes on the general speed-endurance and snow projects. China’s biathlon elites’ height and weight relatively lie at the upper-middle level and body indicators are relatively high, for example, upper, lower limbs are long; crus with foot height is relatively long; horizontal development well; shoulders and pelvis are slightly wider; body stronger; higher degree of enrichment; in good nutrition. In addition, Special quality good, including 100 meters run,1500 metres, units completed push-ups quantity, horizontal and vertical splits, the power in the higher level.更多还原