【作者】 李钰婷；

【导师】 古津贤；

【作者基本信息】 天津医科大学 ， 伦理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 公共健康伦理是21世纪初从生命伦理学中派生出的一个新的研究领域,它是对现代伦理个人主义极端发展的一种反叛和纠偏,是对传统生命伦理中重治疗轻预防、重技术革新轻人文关怀、重伦理权利轻伦理责任倾向的一种反思和批判。我国进入21世纪后,频繁爆发的公共健康危机严重威胁着社会安全与人口健康,给社会中的每个人都蒙上了一层挥之不去的危机阴霾,同时也凸显出公共健康伦理研究的重要性,引发了人们对公共健康责任的反思。公共健康从群体的角度出发,将个体看做社会中的一员,强调每一个公民都有责任和义务捍卫和保护社会和群体的健康和安全。个体作为公共健康伦理责任主体的基本要素和最小单位,其重要性不可小觑。唯有社会中的每个个体精诚团结、共同担当起相应的公共健康伦理责任时,让“人人平等享有健康机会”的公共健康承诺才能得到真正的实现。本文分为三个部分,主要包括以下内容：第一部分是对个体公共健康伦理责任的概述,通过对伦理责任的概念、特征和健康、公共健康、公共健康伦理等重要概念的梳理和分析,概括出个体公共健康伦理责任的内涵,揭示出公共健康个体伦理责任是自我责任、为他者责任和环境责任的统一,是角色责任和自然责任的统一。第二部分对个体公共健康伦理责任承担进行了阐述。个体能够承担公共健康伦理责任必须具备一定的客观条件和主观条件；个体承担和履行公共健康伦理责任应该遵循两个伦理原则：平等对待原则和关怀原则;根据不同的责任主体将个体公共健康伦理责任的内容分为两类：社会个体的普遍性责任和公共健康从业人员的职业伦理责任。第三部分指出目前在我国个体公共健康伦理责任缺失是一个严重的社会问题,并对这一社会问题的产生进行了剖析和探讨。笔者认为,导致个体公共健康伦理责任缺失的主要原因有：社会主体原子化对个体伦理责任的排斥、非理性社会心理对个体伦理责任的冲击以及公共健康体系中的薄弱环节对个体伦理责任的影响。并针对上述问题,提出了促进个体公共健康伦理责任落实的方法和途径,包括：健全公共健康责任监督机制、加强个体公共健康伦理责任教育和提高公共健康责任主体的个体责任修养。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public health ethics is a new research field derived form bioethics in the early 21st century, it’s the Rebellion and rectification toward the extreme individualistic trend of modern ethics. Public health ethics reflect and critique the tendency that traditional bioethics overemphasis on disease treatment, medical technology, patient rights, and neglect the importance of disease prevention, Humanistic care and Individual responsibility. The frequent outbreak of public health crisis becomes the serious threat to social security and population health in china during the 21st century. Everyone has covered with a lingering haze of crisis, but the crisis has highlighted the importance of public health ethics, and aroused people to reflect the responsibility of public health ethics. From the group’s point of view, public health ethics emphasize that as a member of society, each citizen has the responsibility and obligation to protect public health and public Security. Individual responsibility as the minimum essential, its importance should not be overlooked. Only when everyone undertake the moral responsibility of public health, the promise to let "everyone has the equal opportunity to keep healthy "will come true one day.This article has been divided into three parts, including the following:In the first part, the author tried to discuss the important concepts during this article, includes moral responsibility, public health, public health ethics, and individual moral responsibility of public health.The second part is about how to undertake the individual moral responsibility of public health. People who can be responsible for their behavior must have objective condition and subjective condition. And two principles should be followed:principle of Equal treatment and principle of Caring. There are two kinds of individual moral responsibility:universal responsibility and role responsibility.The third part of this article pointed out the problem of lacking individual moral responsibility in public health. The reason for lacking of individual responsibility mainly included:individual atomization excluded individual moral responsibility, Irrational social psychology impacted individual moral responsibility, and weak links in the system of public health influenced individual moral responsibility. In order to solve the problem, Public health responsibility supervision mechanism should been improved, and the Educating for individual moral Responsibility of public health must been enhanced, and the must important thing is the individual must try to study the knowledge about public health and practice to undertake the obligations of public health on their own initiative.更多还原