【作者】 赵嗣胤；

【导师】 葛兆光；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 专门史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 学界唐宋变革论的重要环节之一即是唐宋城市发生的重大变化。“背海立国”体现了南宋朝的特殊性。宋廷南渡,定临安为行在所,面临着国家礼制、法律规范与都城生活的全面秩序重建。本文从礼法视角出发,重点考察南宋临安的礼仪空间、皇帝行幸、垣墙界限和城市生活的时间分配,由此探讨皇帝、士大夫和都人的行为与互动,联系政治角力、风水文化、生活风尚,分析作为观念、制度的礼法与实际的礼仪活动、城市生活之间存在的紧张、调适和妥协,并将临安放置于城市史整体脉络中,探求两宋与元明间呈示的情形。城墙与城门是城市的重要“边界”,对认知临安都城具有关键意义。临安墙垣划分出“内”与“外”,“法”与“非法”,然而门禁之制不断遭受冲击,加之夜禁制度的转变与城市夜间生活的兴盛,导致城门按时启闭的失序,这使得城墙与城门沦为象征性的界限,也就瓦解了其限隔作用。另一方面,人们以城墙作为辨识“礼”与“非礼”的边界,朝廷在南宋早期常常摇摆于礼义规定和实际地情之间,这使临安礼仪空间中心在城墙内外发生多次迁移,形成南宋临安礼仪布局的一大特色。择地定都过程里,在军事和地理要素之外,风水文化成为了一项重要论述资源,城市先兆、谶语与风水相联系,赋予城市兴衰以新的阐释意义。礼仪空间的营建直接关系到皇帝的出行。南宋皇帝行幸围绕都城展开,是一个动态而完整的过程。本文对明堂大祀与出驾祈雨的细致梳理,揭示出礼仪活动包含的复杂性,即礼仪空间具有固定的组合及意义、整备道路时所面临的拆迁与建屋拉锯的难题,而那些夭折或颇受争议的行幸则反映出“君”与“臣”的进退关系。御街在礼仪活动中起着重要作用。都人形成了临安城市生活里一股巨大而活跃的力量,他们是皇帝礼仪的见证者,并且还成为舆情传播者。城市不再只是研究的对象,城市包括城市生活成为我们理解社会、文化和世界的途径之一。礼法视角的古代都城探视,将拓展和加深我们自身对于城市及城市生活的认知,从而展现出一幅更加丰富生动、逼近真实的城市图景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In terms of the theory of Tang-Song Transformation, it is generally believed that great changes had taken place in cities during the Tang-Song period. "Establishing the nation back onto the sea" represents the particularity of the Southern Song Dynasty. After deciding on Lin’an as the temporary capital (Xing zai suo), the imperial court had to reconstruct the order of national ritual system, legal norm and urban life with a comprehensive plan.From li-fa礼法perspective, on the basis of examining the ritual space, the emperor’s imperial inspection tour, the city-walls and city-gates as boundaries, and the time allocation of urban life, this thesis discusses the action and interaction of/between the Emperor, officials, literati, and citizens, including the political wrestle, the culture of Fengshui (风水geomancy) and the fashion of urban life. The paper also analyzes the complicated connections between thoughts, institutions and activities related with li-fa, and put Lin’an into the context of urban history so as to inquire further the transition in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty, and thereafter in Yuan-Ming period.This thesis points out that city-walls and city-gates as boundaries are crucial for people at that time to cognize the city, and for us nowadays to unscramble the traditional urban issues as well. The walls in Lin’an distinguished the inside内and the outside外, legal法and illegal非法. However under the impact upon the entrance security system, it led to the disorder of opening and closing of the city-gates with the transition of the curfew system and prosperous urban night lives. Therefore the city walls and gates became symbolic boundaries. On the other hand, the walls were also the boundaries as the judgement of Li (礼and非礼). The Southern Song court was always in a dilemma at early period in particular when making the arrangement of ritual space, and tried to harmonize the traditional symbolic layout and the realistic geographical particularity. Thus the shifting of ritual core areas inside and outside the city was a distinctive feature of the arrangement of ritual space in Lin’an in Southern Song China. Besides, in the course of selecting the capital, the culture of Fengshui became one of important sources of argument apart from military strategical and geographical elements. Fengshui, together with the urban omen and prophecy, added another interpretation into the rise and fall of the city.The construction of ritual space concerned directly toward the emperor’s trip in the capital. The emperor’s imperial inspection tour was almost limited in Lin’an. It should be regarded as a dynamic and integrated course. Based upon a careful review of the very important Mingtang明堂ceremony and imperial rain-praying, the study revealed the tour’s complexity:(1) fixed combination of ritual spaces and its meaning; (2) the urban tough problem of removing and rebuilding houses before/after the tour; (3) those aborted tour also reflected the relation between the emperor and officials. Meanwhile duren (都人citizens) formed a vibrant and indispensable force in Lin’an. They not only witnessed the imperial ceremony, but also conveyed information or even spread rumor which resulted in harsh legal binding. City is certainly much more than the mere object of study. City and urban life should become one of approaches to get a deeper understanding of our society, culture, and world. The study from li-fa perspective will broaden our horizon, and represent an animated and abundant picture of Chinese ancient capitals.更多还原