清代贵州地区森林分布变迁浅析

【作者】 向上；

【导师】 韩昭庆；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 历史地理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 清代是贵州开发史上的最重要的一个转折时期。有清一代,中央政府耗费了大量的时间,通过军事上征服、文化上同化等一系列的活动在贵州的广大腹地扩大了影响并建立和巩固了统治。进一步推行的改土归流和清查土地等政策,使得贵州地区从此开始了被快速开发的过程。人口的激增,新作物的引入,土地利用方式的变化在这一时期使得贵州境内发生了翻天覆地的巨变。贵州境内的森林,作为当地人类生产生活资料依靠的主要来源,也在这一时期内发生了巨大的变化。本文选取贵州地区清代的森林变化为对象,拟通过文献分析和研究,复原清代贵州森林的分布及变迁过程、森林物种构成的变化及优势物种、特产物种的消长情况等,并考察发生这些变化的驱动力,以及森林变迁的结果。本文主要分为三个部分,第一部分介绍了本文的研究意义和研究方法,回顾了学术史并对文中出现的主要名词进行了界定,同时对引用资料的一些情况进行了介绍。第二部分,分区对贵州地区清代的森林分布情况进行了初步复原。第三部分,对清代贵州森林分布变迁情况的原因进行了探讨。通过研究我们认为,分布面积不断减少且分布区向山区萎缩是整个清代贵州省境内森林变化的主要趋势。但是贵州地区由于面积广阔,加之各地自然条件与社会发展程度并不一致,所以各地的森林分布变迁情况在具体方面也都不尽相同且各具特色。黔中地区的垦殖农业、黔西北地区的工矿业、黔东南地区的木材贸易、以及各地人口的生活消耗,是造成清代贵州地区森林分布发生变化的主要驱动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Qing dynasty is the most important turning point in the development history in Guizhou province. The government spent plenty of time in military conquest and culture assimilation during the Qing dynasty, which expanded the influence of the central government and consolidated its domination in the hinterland of Guizhou province. The development of Guizhou was pushed by policies such as the bureaucratization of native officers, the investigation of land and so on. With the population explosion, the import of new crops and the change of land use, the environment of Guizhou was changed sharply during this period. The forest in Guizhou, as the main living source of the local people, changed greatly as well. This thesis takes the change of forest in Guizhou province in the Qing dynasty as the object of study, plans to rebuild the changes of distribution of forest, plant species composition and superior and native species. And then the paper studies the driving force and results of these changes.This thesis consists of three parts. Part one gives an introduction of the significance and methods of the study, reviews related research and defines main words in the thesis. Besides, this part also introduces the situation of materials quoted. Part three studies the reasons why the distribution of forest changed in Guizhou in the Qing dynasty.It is considered that in the Qing dynasty the area of forest got constantly decreasing and the distribution got shrunk in mountain areas in Guizhou. Because of different physical conditions and social development in the massive land of Guizhou province, the distribution of forest in different areas turned on a variety of characteristics. Farming, mining, timber trade and living consumption were main driving forces of the change of forest in Guizhou in the Qing dynasty.更多还原