两晋时期地方行政运作探微

【作者】 李海默；

【导师】 李晓杰；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 历史地理学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过综合分析传世文献与出土史料,探索了两晋地方行政运作的若干微观层面。本文认为269-271年间,282-290年间,西晋帝国是按照“十六州”的制度设计常轨运转的,共计10年之久,占武帝整个25年统治时间(265-290)的五分之二。“八王之乱”是在武帝“经制”下受到遏抑的第一群人与武帝暮年改动“经制”时受到边缘化的第二群人之间,基于武帝遗留的帝国政治地理模板(“(二陕→)四镇→八都督区→十六州”的多元复合控制)乃至政治文化论说(discourse),因缘附会,燃起的政治斗争风暴。而排挤异姓功臣这个事项反过来汇流于前揭的两群人动乱中,加速了晋帝国的沦落。四镇→八都督区→十六州是基于不同层面对晋帝国“天下”的三次界划,彼此之间是一种平行、而非隶属的关系,这是晋武帝的第一块控制结构,此外,晋武帝又用“封国”与“五等爵”之制布置了第二块、第三块控制结构。“封国”乃是三块控制结构的中轴,如何通过经营“封国”格局改写历史进程,乃是武帝长久措意的真正“核心”。武帝欲以“封国”之制为中轴,三块控制结构并进,统御天下方略。概括而言,武帝的三块控制结构合为一事,即树立“藩屏”体系。而此体系统摄和掌控整个晋帝国的运转朝向：亦即“废方任”。武帝制度设计虽在其身后很快异化并趋于落空,“废方任”遂成纸上空谈之理想。但是在另一方面,晋武帝的帝国设计直接孕育了“三窟”之计的产生,进而关联到东晋的成立,开出了“南北朝”的基本政治形态。汉唐之间制度延展的一大变革,实系于晋武帝的“国策”这一线索。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper based on the systematic analysis about traditional literature and also unearthed materials, try to discover several microcosmic elements of regional administration during Western and Eastern Jin Period. The author dig out that 16 municipalities was a key institution within central-regional executive design of Western Jin Empire, and together with two Premiers→four kommandaturas→eight military areas(→sixteen municipalities), compounded with temporal political culture discourse, Western Jin formed a very complex and dynamic management network (also geographical framework). The network was full of self-fulfillment and self-improvement. But three different groups:1, the group who were restrained by the network during its routine function and circulation; 2, the group who were checked when the Emperor try to overwrite the ordinary institution orbit,3, the meritorious minister (they actually came from different tribes) who thought they were treated unfairly; they combine together and created a social unrest. Although this network was totally broken down through the "Eight Kings rebellion", but we can definitely trace its substantial impact and influential legacy when we rethink Eastern Jin’s foundation. The author using "three hideouts" as a specific case to illustrate the relation between the ordinary orbit of Western Jin and the new phase in Eastern Jin, which means Northern China vs. Southern. The historical process and fundamental change during Han to Tang period, was somewhat strictly bound with Western Jin’s institution design. The later contributed some valuable clues to the former.更多还原