GATS体系下自然人流动的法律规制

【作者】 陈念；

【导师】 孙南申；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 包括GATS在内的乌拉圭回合“一揽子协定”的签署,初步构建了国际服务贸易的基本法律框架。但是相对于其他多边协调机制,GATS的主体规范偏向原则和抽象。与其他三种服务提供方式相比,自然人流动仍存在界定比较模糊、规制有待完善、成员方承诺水平低等一系列亟待突破的难题。自然人流动从概念界定到法律规制都需要进一步完善和发展,需要在“服务”所涵盖范围,境外停留时间特征上予以进一步明确。自然人流动法律制度主要由主体规范、相关附件和承诺减让表构成。GATS协定构筑了基本的自然人流动法律制度框架,而各成员方的承诺减让表规定了负担义务的实质内容,是自然人流动法律制度的核心组成部分。纳入WTO体系的自然人流动能充分利用其谈判平台和争端解决机制,为自身发展提供保障。尽管如此,由于自然人流动涉及一国国家安全和核心利益,因而成为各成员方最敏感的议题。无论谈判还是实践,自然人流动这一服务提供方式受到的限制最大,最容易形成障碍。这些限制措施,既有合理的例外规定,也有出于维护本国利益的人为阻碍。而出入境管理措施由于敏感度较高,讨论一直较少。本文选取了四个方面,分别从自然人流动的概念特征、基本规则、承诺和限制以及与其密切相关的出入境管理法律制度进行了切入探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is with the signing of "a package of agreements", including the GATS, in Uruguay Round, the basic legal framework of international trade in services has initially been built. But compared to the other multilateral coordination mechanisms, GATS agreement is considered of too simple in principles and too abstract in concepts. And compared to the other three modes of services providing, movement of natural persons is facing on a series of problems such as vague definition, needing more improvement on regulations and too low level of commitments. From the definition to the regulation, it requires further refinement and development on the Movement of natural persons study. Topics as the scope of "service" and features of the residence time abroad need to be further discussed and clarified. Legal system for the movement of natural persons consists of subject specifications, related Annex and the Schedule of Specific Commitments. GATS agreement builds a basic framework of the legal system for movement of natural persons, and the Schedule of Specific Commitments of all members which pay obligations, is also a core component of the legal system for movement of natural persons. Movement of natural persons into the WTO system can make full use of their negotiating platform and dispute settlement mechanism, to provide protection for their own development. Nevertheless, due to involved in the core of a country’s national security and interests, movement of natural persons thus become the most sensitive issues for all members. Whether in negotiations or in practice, the services providing mode of Movement of natural persons is restricted on the largest and easiest to form barriers. Those members adapt these restrictions measures base on their own interests besides reasonable exceptions. As it is a sensitive topic on immigration administration measures, people discuss less about it. This paper selects four areas for deep discussion and studying, including the concept of features from the movement of natural persons, basic rules, commitments and restrictions, and immigration measures which are closely related to the legal system of the movement of natural persons.更多还原