明代户帖研究

【作者】 方骏；

【导师】 张海英；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国古代史， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 明代户帖的创立与发展,是一个动态嬗变的过程。早期的户帖制度,以全面的户口普查为基础,确立了明王朝森严的社会等级结构,体现了传统的政治伦理和王道理念。随着黄册的兴起,明初户帖的主体功能逐渐被其取代,转而以一种新的实物载体：亲供户帖继续运行,演变成为黄册体系的基础。与此同时,它的部分职能,如“定籍”职能依旧得到了延续,修缮并巩固了明代的户籍制度。明代户帖的嬗变,不仅是文书形式的变化,也是职能性质的变异,体现了制度的演化和蜕变。作为明初户帖制度的延伸——户口岁计机制,一如既往地继承了户帖制度无直接关乎经济的实质特点,贯穿于有明一代的绝大部分时期。作为与黄册相对独立的人口统计系统,它与明代的赋役问题无直接关联。这不仅使得它的运行轨迹呈现出无规律可循的非正态分布,同时也为后世留下了诸如人口统计差异巨大等难以解释的人口现象问题。明代户帖留给后世的,莫过于那种严苛缜密的人户统计手段,以及“人户以籍为定”的世代控制思想。这充分体现了传统帝制社会人口控制理念的一脉相承。更多还原

【Abstract】 The foundation and development of Hutie in Ming Dynasty, is a dynamic process of evolution. The Hutie system in early Ming Dynasty, based on comprehensive census, established strictly hierarchical structure of society, reflecting the traditional concept of political ethics, as well as the Doctrine of Kingcraft. With the rise of Yellow Register, Hutie’s main function in early Ming Dynasty, was gradually replaced by Yellow Register. Hutie, subsequently, turned into a new physical carrier: Qingong-Hutie, which developed into the foundation of the Yellow Register system. Its partial functions, at the same time, such as household registration, remained in operation, remedying and consolidating the household registration system of Ming Dynasty. The transformation of Hutie in early Ming Dynasty is not only a form of a written instrument, but also a functional variation, reflecting the system’s evolution and transformation. As an extension of the Hutie system in early Ming Dynasty, mechanism of annual population count, as always, inherited substantive features involving noneconomic agents, existing throughout the most part of the Ming Dynasty. As a relatively independent population statistics system, the mechanism for annual population count was not directly related to the issues of land tax and corvee service of the Ming Dynasty, which had made its running orbit without showing a normal distribution, as well as leaving a string of formidable questions of demographic behavior. What the legacies Hutie left to all posterity in Ming Dynasty, are no more than the rigorously statistical method for population, and population thought of generational control, based on the determinism of household register. This fully reflects the traditional concept of social population control, stemming from Chinese imperialistic society.更多还原