六西格玛在降低冷链物流企业配送误差中的应用研究

【作者】 王许纳；

【导师】 李旭；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 物流工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,以及生活节奏的加快,人们对冷冻生鲜食品的需求越来越大。在这样的背景下,我国第三方冷链物流企业蓬勃发展,充满机遇。但同时由于我国冷链物流行业标准不完善,进入门槛低,缺乏有效的监督机制,冷链物流企业竞争不断加剧,也使得我国的冷链物流企业面临着巨大的挑战。中外运冷链物流有限公司是一家专业食品冷链物流企业,在国内冷链物流行业处于领先地位。其快速流通部门的配送业务是企业利润的一个重要来源,但是快速流通部门的配送误差一直是困扰企业的主要难题。本课题以企业W项目为载体,利用六西格玛工具对其进行研究分析。论文首先对食品冷链物流的发展现状进行了研究总结,并介绍了中外运冷链物流企业的发展现状和面对的主要问题。然后详细阐述了六西格玛的基本思想、基础理论、工具与方法,以及实施六西格玛改进法的DMAIC方法体系。针对中外运上海冷链物流有限公司W配送业务流程中有关绩效指标,即配送误差,运用六西格玛DMAIC实施改进以降低配送误差。首先,本文通过绘制分析SIPOC图、2010年1至8月份有关配送误差的数据收集,确定关键质量因素；其次针对W配送业务的流程,通过使用帕累托图、因果图、流程图、头脑风暴法和失效模式分析、回归、控制图等方法找出造成配送误差的主要原因：1.没有严格遵守交接流程；2.司机配货员的责任问题；3.个别门店的不够诚信；4.分拣时出错；5.搬运。第三,针对分析找到的关键原因,采取相应的解决方案,并实施控制,确保项目达到真正的改善。最后项目实施后的运行结果表明,配送误差明显降低,由原来的每天平均配送误差334个,降低到平均每天配送误差148个。实践表明,对于配送误差问题,六西格玛方法是解决问题的最佳实践,同时本课题的进行为企业进一步实施六西格玛管理法提供了理论和实践上的经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the social and economic development, improving people’s living standards, and the accelerated pace of life, people Frozen growing demand for fresh food. In this context, our third-party cold chain logistics enterprise can flourish, full of opportunities. But because of inadequate cold chain logistics industry standards, low barriers to entry, lack of effective oversight mechanisms, increasing competition in cold-chain logistics company, also makes the cold chain logistics business in China faces enormous challenges.Sinotrans Cold Chain Logistics Co., Ltd. is a professional food chain logistics enterprises in the domestic cold chain logistics industry leader. The rapid flow of business is the distribution sector is an important source of corporate profits, but the rapid flow of the error distribution sector has been troubled by a major business problem. W of the subject enterprise projects as the carrier, the use of Six Sigma tools to study it.Firstly, the development of the food chain logistics status of the research summary, and describes the cold-chain logistics company Sinotrans status and the development of the major problems faced. Six Sigma and then elaborated on the basic idea of the basic theory, tools and methods and the implementation of Six Sigma methodology to improve the law DMAIC. Sinotrans Shanghai for cold chain distribution logistics Co., Ltd. W performance indicators related to business processes, namely, the error distribution, the use of Six Sigma DMAIC implementation of improvements to reduce the delivery error.First, this paper analyzes SIPOC figure drawing,2010 on 1 to August errors related to data collection and distribution, to identify key quality factors; followed the process for the W distribution business, through the use of Pareto charts, cause and effect diagrams, flowcharts, brainstorming method and failure mode analysis, regression, control charts and other methods to identify the main reasons causing the error distribution:1. not strictly comply with the transfer process; 2. the responsibility of the driver picking member; 3. individual stores enough integrity; 4. sorting error; 5. cartage. Third, the key reason for the analysis to find and take the appropriate solutions, and implement controls to ensure the project to achieve real improvement. Operation after the implementation of the final project results show that the distribution of error significantly reduced the average daily distribution of errors from 334, down to the average daily distribution of error 148. Practice shows the Six Sigma approach is best practice to solve the problem, while the conduct of this project for the further implementation of Six Sigma enterprise provides a theoretical and practical experience.更多还原