信用证交易中议付行追索权的法律问题研究

【作者】 林亚清；

【导师】 陈治东；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 信用证是当前国际贸易中普遍使用的一种支付方式,而其种类之一议付信用证则是国际贸易中最常用的信用证。在议付信用证的交易过程中,当议付行向受益人作出议付后,若在向开证行或其它指定银行索偿时遭到拒绝或在特定情形下无法索偿,此时就会产生议付行是否可以转而向受益人行使追索权的问题。UCP600及其之前的版本或相关国际商会文件都未明确赋予议付行法定追索权,从而引起世界范围内诸多信用证专家关于议付行对受益人的追索权问题的广泛探讨,中国国内对议付行追索权问题的探讨目前也是有着很大的发展空间。鉴于探讨议付行对受益人的追索权问题,有助于国际贸易和信用证交易中的相关当事人明确各自责任、预见风险,防范和减少信用证议付纠纷,对于我国外贸企业和银行有着很重要的意义,因此实有必要在广泛评述各种理论观点和实践做法的基础上对议付行追索权问题进行全面深入地探讨。本文试图从法律理论和商业实践两个角度,以UCP600中议付的定义为入口,通过解读一些专家、学者的分析意见,讨论议付行追索权理论和实践中的如下问题,以期让中国更好地参与到信用证贸易中来。本文所要解决的主要问题包括：UCP600之下议付的含义、议付当事人的法律地位及其权利义务关系、追索权的含义和依据、各种情形下的追索权问题。并且,文章将选择分析议付信用证交易实践中主要国家的惯常处理方法,同时对各国学者的观点和信用证的成文法进行评述。在此基础上,总结议付行追索权中的关键问题,分析UCP600实施后对该类问题产生的影响,并对于中国和中国企业如何应对提出建议。全文共四章,主要内容如下：第一章简单提及信用证的分类,延伸至议付信用证,继而对议付信用证的含义及一般运作程序进行介绍,并解读议付的含义、就实践中议付与出口押汇的混淆作分析。议付信用证的运作程序以及议付的含义与议付行的追索权问题息息相关,有追索权的信用证和出口押汇陈述清楚了,也能更清楚地集中研究议付行追索权在理论与实践中的各种不同情形。第二章对议付行的法律地位及其权利义务进行了细致的分析,着重阐述议付行与开证行、受益人的关系,以及议付行的权利。第三章是关于追索权的含义及其相关问题的论述,尤其是在各种情形下关于追索权的理论争议和操作实践。第四章评述中国法对议付行追索权的规定,对中国实践操作中的让与和议付进行分析,并对中国的信用证贸易提出自己的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Letter of credit is a kind of payment which is extensively used in current international trade, and its one type which is named negotiation credit is the most commonly used L/C in international trade. In negotiation credit trading process, after the negotiating bank negotiates for the beneficiary, if the issuing bank or other designated bank rejects its claims or when in certain circumstances it cannot claim, then there may be the problem whether the negotiating bank could exercise the right of recourse to the beneficiary. UCP600 and the version before or related files of the International Chamber of Commerce are not explicitly gave the negotiating bank legal recourse right, which led many credit experts worldwide discuss about the problems regarding the recourse of negotiating bank to the beneficiary. And to the discussion of problems regarding the recourse of negotiating bank, China currently has the very big development space.In view of the discussion of problems regarding the recourse of negotiating bank is helpful for the relevant parties of international trade and the credit transactions to specifies the respective responsibilities, foreseeable risks, prevent and reduce L/C negotiation dispute, and has very important meaning to the enterprises and banks, therefore we have to discuss the negotiating bank recourse problems comprehensively and deeply on the basis of wide review of different theories ideas and practice methods.This dissertation intends to start from the two aspects of legal theory and commercial practice, take the definition of negotiation in UCP600 as the entrance, through reading the analysis of some experts and scholars, to discuss the following questions regarding the theory and practice of negotiating bank recourse, in order to make China involved in the credit of business better.This dissertation tries to solve the main problems including:the meaning of negotiation, the legal status and rights and obligations of the parties, the meaning and the basis of recourse, recourse problem of various situations under UCP 600. In addition, the dissertation will choose the usual treatment methods of major countries in credit trading practice for analysis, and meanwhile review the views of scholars from each country and the statutes of credit. On this basis, summarizes the key problems of negotiating recourse, analyses the influence to this problem after the implementation of UCP600, and provides China and Chinese enterprises for suggestions on how to deal with it.Full-text has four chapters, main contents are as follows:The first chapter simply mentions the classification of L/C, and extends to the introduction of the meaning and the general operation procedure of negotiation credit, and interprets the meaning of negotiation, analyses the confusion of negotiation and outward bill in practice. Negotiation credit operation procedure and the meaning of negotiating are closely related to the problems of negotiating recourse, and when the recourse L/C and outward bill are stated clearly, also can focus on and clearly research all sorts of different situation of recourse of the negotiating bank in the theory and practice.The second chapter analyses the legal status of the negotiating bank and its rights and obligations, and detailed analysis focuses on the relationship among the negotiating bank and the issuing bank and the beneficiary and the rights of negotiating bank. The third chapter is about the discussion of the meaning and related problems of recourse, especially about the theory disputes and operation practice of recourse under almost all circumstances.The fourth chapter reviews the regulation of recourse of the negotiating bank in China law, analyses the transfer and negotiation in the practical operation of China, and provides my own suggestion for credit trade of China.更多还原