缩小收入差距的最优政策选择

【作者】 赵喆；

【导师】 严法善；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治经济学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中国经济克服重重困难,实现了自改革开放以来的高速发展,现阶段正经历结构升级和发展方式转型的挑战。调整日益扩大的收入差距,是实现发展方式转型需要克服的主要困难之一。本文从理论上讨论了缩小现阶段收入差距的政府最优政策选择问题。本文深入研究了有关我国收入差距产生、演化和解决途径的相关文献。认为形成我国收入差距的最大因素是城乡二元分割,解决我国收入差距的最大困难在于消除我国经济体制、社会体制和行政体制中存在的结构性问题。为了研究政府的最优政策,本文通过设置无政府干预的完全市场模型研究市场在收入差距形成方面所发挥的作用,并针对市场局限性给出政府的政策选择。在完全市场基准模型的基础上,加入二元经济分割和身份歧视等制度性缺陷进一步扩展基准模型,分析如果存在制度性缺陷将会如何影响收入差距水平以及此时政府的政策选择。本文的分析表明,政府在缩小收入差距方面具有不可替代的作用。在市场完善的情况下,政府通过发展经济并创造就业；为国民提供教育和社会保障；对大额遗产征税并实现所得税收的全社会分享是缩小收入差距的有效选择。针对我国存在的二元经济分割、身份歧视等制度性缺陷,需要实现政府自身的改革,减少对经济的直接干预和管制,进一步加强产权和法制建设,让市场发挥应有的作用,保证底层普通劳动者通过个人努力实现向上流动的渠道畅通,保持经济在产权清晰的基础上实现自然演化的进程。消除导致收入差距的制度性缺陷是一个长期的、渐进的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 The economy of China is experiencing an accelerative period of economic structure upgrading and transformation of mode of growth after a sustained and rapid development of economy since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy. Reducing the widening income gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main challenges for the government strategy of transformation of mode of growth. This article discusses the optimal government policy for bridging the gap between the rich and the poor at the present stage.The article comes to the conclusion that the intersected structure of town and country contributes the most part of income disparity and the elimination of the defect in economic, social and administrative institution plays the role of the most serious obstacle in the solution of income disparity, with an intensive study of literature on the emergence, evolution and solution of income disparity in our country.In order to reveal the optimal policy, we set a perfect market model without government as benchmark model to study the role of the market and the government in bridging the income gap. The influence of institution defect on income gap and possible policy has been studied by adding the intersected structure of town and country and status discrimination to the benchmark model.Our research shows that the government plays an irreplaceable role in narrowing the income gap. In a perfect market, the optimal policy for narrowing the income gap of government may be found as creating job, providing public education and social security, imposing and sharing legacy duty in the whole society.To overcome our institution defect including the intersected structure of town and country and status discrimination, we need a government reform. The reform can be realized by reducing direct control and intervention on economic operation, strengthening the legal and property right system, exploiting the market force and maintaining the upward possibility for the whole society, especially the bottom class of the society. To eliminate the institutional defect, we must put the social evolution on the basis of clearly-established ownership system, which is a long-time and gradual progress.更多还原