【作者】 杨帅；

【导师】 杨志强；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 地球自转是地球的一种非常重要的运动形式,对它的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。地球自转参数包括地球自转速率变化(日长变化)和极移运动两部分,精确的地球自转参数不仅是研究地球动力学、建立和维持地球参考框架所必需的资料,同时对于人造卫星精密定轨、深空探测、守时授时等工作也具有重要的意义。目前国际地球自转服务(IERS)综合利用VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS, DORIS等空间大地测量技术联合解算地球自转参数,每天只能提供一个解。由于受到海潮、大气和洋流等影响,地球自转参数在周日、亚周日尺度内也有不同程度的变化。因此,鉴于目前对高精度、高分辨率地球自转参数需求日益提高的情况,本文首次尝试利用机械陀螺仪进行地球自转参数的测定,结果表明将陀螺仪用于地球自转参数的测定是可行的。陀螺仪由于其特性之一的进动性,使其能敏感地球自转而发生进动,这就表明陀螺轴的进动与地球自转运动之间存在着一定联系,通过对陀螺进动的分析可以反映地球自转的某些特征。本文通过对陀螺仪运动欧拉方程的推导,得出了利用陀螺仪计算地球自转速度和纬度的原理公式,并基于课题组联合研制的GAT高精度磁悬浮陀螺仪进行了地球自转参数测定的实验,通过设计实验步骤,对实验数据进行特征检验和滤波分析,解算了实验结果。论文最后对利用GAT高精度磁悬浮陀螺仪测定地球自转参数的理论精度进行评定,结果表明陀螺仪的精度将是影响其测定地球自转参数精度的决定性因素。利用陀螺仪测定地球自转变化与定期监测地球自转变化的空间大地测量技术有着本质的区别,毫无疑问,随着陀螺仪技术的发展和精度的不断提高,利用陀螺仪测定地球自转参数将是一种非常有前途的技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earth rotation is an important earth movement form. It doesn’t only relate people’s daily life but also matters theoretically and practically. Earth rotation parameters include earth rotation rate change (the length of day) and polar motion movement. The accurate ERP is necessary for Geodynamics and Space Geodesy. At present, IERS applies various spatial surveying technologies such as VLBI, SLR, GPS, DORIS comprehensively to calculate earth rotation parameters and provides a result value every day. Due to the impact of sea tide, atmosphere and ocean current, earth rotation parameter varies in day scale and sub-day scale. With the increasing demand for earth rotation parameters of high precision and resolution, this paper tries to apply gyros to determine the earth rotation parameters.Gyroscopes can process with the sensitivity to earth rotation due to one of its features—procession. This shows gyroscopes’procession relating to earth rotation movement, which makes it possible to determine earth rotation parameters by gyroscopes. This paper, by the deduction of Euler Equation of gyroscopes’motion, generates the principle formula of calculating earth rotation rate and latitude. Based on the GAT magnetic suspension gyroscope researched and produced by our research team, the measurement of earth rotation parameters is firstly experimented. Through designing experimental steps, experimental data analysis and pre-processing, the result value is calculated. This shows that applying gyroscope to determine earth rotation parameters is feasible. This paper finally assesses the theoretical precision of GAT magnetic suspension gyroscope measuring earth rotation parameters. The result shows that gyroscope’s precision is the critical element to affect earth rotation parameters measurement.There is an essential difference between the spatial Geodesy technologies and the gyroscopes for measuring the earth rotation parameters. With the development of gyroscope technologies and improvement in precision, monitoring the earth rotates change by gyroscopes will undoubtedly be a promising technology.更多还原