【作者】 潘志峰；

【导师】 杨建华；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 地理信息系统是一种采集、存储、管理、分析、显示与应用地理信息的计算机基础平台,是分析和处理海量地理数据的通用技术,其主要功能是数据的输入、管理和输出。GIS可应用于多个领域的建模和决策支持。三维空间信息技术是地理信息系统的重要组成部分,是当前地理信息科学的热点研究领域。而三维地理信息系统试图直接从三维空间的角度去理解表达现实世界中的地物、地理现象及其空间关系。三维建模与可视化技术有助于用户对空间数据相互关系以及分析结果的直观理解。可视化是科学计算与图形图像技术的结合,涉及到多个学科交叉领域,其基本思想是用图形图像来表示数据。将空间数据生成三维透视图,模仿真实环境,并在此基础上进行地理信息显示与空间分析,是地理信息系统的一个重要研究内容,也是建立“数字地球”的重要技术之一。本文主要阐述的是三维数据的数据处理、建模及其可视化问题,分析了国内外主流三维GIS软件平台建模的各自优缺点。重点介绍了地面三维激光扫描技术,对比传统测量技术得出其在测绘领域应用的优势,介绍其在三维数据建模方面的应用方法。同时探讨了三维激光扫描数据处理的重点问题,包括点云数据的预处理和拼接方法、三维激光扫描系统的误差影响。利用后续处理软件(Cyclone)对实际三维激光扫描数据进行一系列的处理,获得建模数据,对数据进行建模和输出,实现可视化。并基于黄河小浪底水利枢纽三维可视化系统数据,采用VS2008平台和JavaScript语言初步建立黄河小浪底在线信息系统,实现了三维GIS的网络共享。更多还原

【Abstract】 GIS is a kind of basic computer platform which used to collect, storage, manage, analyse, display and apply geographic information, whose main function is data input, management and output. Three-dimensional information technology is an important part of GIS, and a hot research field in the current geographic information. Three-dimensional GIS attempts to understand and express ground features, geographic phenomenas and spatial relations from the angle of three-dimensional space directly.Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology helps users to understand the spatial data relationship and analysis results intuitively. Visualization is the combination of scientific computing and graphics image technology, which involves multiple cross-disciplinary areas. The basic ideas of visualization is to express data using graphic image.An important research content of GIS is to generate three-dimensional perspective drawings of landscapes, to imitate true environments based on the spatial data, and to display geographic information, analyse spatial data. It is also a major technology to establish the "Digital Earth".This article mainly descripts the problems of processing three-dimensional data, data modeling, and data visualization; analyses the advantages and disadvantages of domestic and foreign mainstream three-dimensional GIS software platform.This introduces the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Techniques, contrasts the traditional measuring technology, draws the advantages of application in surveying and mapping, and presentates the application methods in the three-dimensional data modeling. Meanwhile, it discusses the key issues of three-dimensional laser scanning data processing, including the point cloud data processing and stitching method, three-dimensional laser scanning system error influence. Using the follow-up processing software Cyclone to conduct a series of processing on the actual three-dimensional laser scanning data to obtain the modeling data, model and output the data, finally achieve visualization. And based on the three-dimensional visualization data of the Yellow River xiaolangdi water conservancy hub project, preliminary established the Yellow River xiaolangdi online system using VS2008 platform and JavaScript language, finally realized the three-dimensional GIS network sharing.更多还原