【作者】 党晓斌；

【导师】 刘万林；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 三维激光扫描技术是近十几年迅速发展起来的一项新技术,它以非接触性、高密度、高精度、数字化、自动化等特点,被广泛用于许多领域。三维激光扫描技术也被称为“实景复制技术”,其能快速获得原始的点云数据,并完整高精度地重建实体。通过对地面三维激光扫描技术的测量工艺流程和变形监测的试验研究,探索三维激光扫描技术在建筑物变形监测领域的理论方法,从而进一步推动三维激光扫描技术在测绘领域的应用。论文介绍了三维激光扫描技术的发展现状、基本原理以及特点和应用领域。叙述了Leica Scanstation2扫描仪的硬件组成及数据采集方法与流程,探讨了三维激光扫描所获取的三维点云数据的预处理方法,建立了基于曲面重构基础上的建筑物三维模型。利用实测地质大厦的三维激光扫描数据,对该建筑物进行了精确的三维建模和纹理贴图,获取了建筑物沉降点和特征点的三维空间坐标,推算出了建筑物顶部房角点的平面位移量,位移方向及垂直沉降量,同时还求出了该建筑物的倾斜率及沉降点的垂直形变,为建筑物的安全监测提供了资料。针对三维激光扫描技术所产生的多种误差,以长安大学立交桥的监测数据为依据,探讨了消除或减弱这些误差的对策和措施,得到了一些有益的结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new technology developing rapidly in recent decades. It is widely used in many areas on account of its advantages of non-contact, high-density, high-precision, digitization and automation. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is also known as "Virtual Copying Technology ", which can quickly obtain the original point cloud data, and complete entities reconstruction with high accuracy.This paper introduces the development status, the basic principles, characteristics and applications of three-dimensional laser scanning technology. Also, this paper describes the hardware composition, data collection methods and processes of Scan station2 scanner, discusses the pre-processing method of the three-dimensional point cloud data obtained by three-dimensional laser scanner, and establishes the three-dimensional model of buildings on the basis of the surface reconstruction. Using the actual measurement three-dimensional laser scanning data of the building, we process an exact three-dimensional modeling and texture mapping of this building. After obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the subsidence and feature points, we calculate the plane displacement value and direction, and the vertical subsidence value the building top corner. Meanwhile, we get the inclination rate of the building and the vertical deformation of the subsidence point. Aiming at obtaining the countermeasure and the measure to eliminate or weaken the various errors produced by three-dimensional laser scanning technology, we take the monitoring data of an overpass as the example, and gain some useful conclusions.更多还原