【作者】 张玉娟；

【导师】 樊晓平；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着环境采能技术的日趋成熟,许多研究学者开始致力于探索环境采能技术在无线传感器网络(WSN)中的应用。无线传感器网络工作环境中存在多种形式的能量,将环境能量采集并加以利用,可以改善无线传感器网络电池受限的技术缺憾。太阳光照和机械振动是WSN一般应用环境中普遍存在的,对于具有环境采能的WSN,结合这两种能量补给的特点来研究有能量采集感知的WSN分簇路由问题,将会取得更高的能效和收益。本论文分析了太阳能、振动能补给的特点,设计了相应的能量补给模型,并且在各自的能量补给模型下,分别设计相适应的WSN分簇路由关键技术,包括：簇首选择机制、分簇机制、簇间路由机制。太阳能补给情况下,设计梯形能量补给模型,将网络划分为三个时期：耗能期、储能期和稳定期,各个时期采用不同的工作模式。无能量补给或能量补给较小时为耗能期,此时尽可能减小网络能耗；能量补给较大但全网能量水平不高时,需为网络存储能量,为储能期,同样采用节能的工作模式；当网络中能量补给充足,全网能量水平较高时,扩大节点通信半径,减小簇数目,使储能与耗能维持稳定,充分利用补给的能量,进入稳定期。振动能补给情况下,设计能量补给为正态分布的补给规律。采用区域划分方法,将网络按距基站远近分为不同层次区域,不同区域采用不同通信半径,从而平衡网络中节点的能量分布；簇首选择根据区域划分时计算的通信半径值来计算,同时考虑节点能量补给与剩余能量因素,使能量得到补给且剩余能量充足的节点被选为簇首的概率大,使越靠近基站的簇半径越小,从而均衡网络能耗。这两种能量补给下的路由算法均可适应各自的能量补给情况,能高效利用补给能量,且让网络有较好的生存能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of environmental energy adopted from nature technology, many researchers began to explore the environment energy to use in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). There are various forms of energy in the WSN working environment. Making use of the environmental energy in WSN can transform its battery-constrained. Solar and mechanical vibration energy widely exist in WSN environment. It is effective and beneficial to study on the energy replenishment and energy-aware clustering routing.This thesis researched on clustering routing in WSN under solar energy replenishment and vibrational energy replenishment, designed the adapting routing algorithm for WSN, contains:cluster head selection mechanism, clustering mechanism, cluster routing mechanism.In solar power replenishment situation, the energy replenishment model is designed as trapezoidal. The network working period is divided into three: energy consumption, energy storage and stabilization period. The work forms are different in each period. When there is no energy havesting or energy is less harvesting, it is energy consumption period; In this period, energy consumption would be minimized as possible. It is needful in energy storage period too. When the energy is supplied sufficient and energy level of the network is high, the node communication radius should be expanded, the number of clusters will be reduced, so that energy replenishment and energy consumption may remains satable. It is going into the stability, and the replenishing energy is full used.In vibrational power replenishment situation, energy replenishment model is designed as normal distribution law. The network is divided into many regions according to the distance from the base station, and different regions use different communication radius to balance the energy distribution of nodes in the network. Cluster head be selected based on regional communication radius, node residual energy factor and energy supplying, so that the nodes closer to the base station is more probable to balance the network energy consumption. The algorithms we designed in this thesis can suit for each energy replenishment situation. It is energy efficient and the network has a better survive ability.更多还原