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白钨矿与萤石、方解石及石英的浮选分离
Flotation Separation of Scheelite from Fluorite、Calcite and Quartz
【作者】 胡红喜；
【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2011， 硕士
【摘要】 目前我国已发现的钨矿床大部分为矽卡岩型,矿石中含有大量的石英,并伴生萤石、方解石等富含钙的脉石矿物,含钙脉石与白钨矿的表面性质相近,浮选行为相似,使捕收剂对白钨矿的选择性降低。针对这一问题,采用五种具有代表性的捕收剂,在pH调整剂、水玻璃作用下,对白钨矿、萤石、方解石和石英的浮选行为进行了研究。通过溶液化学计算、动电位测试、红外光谱分析,对白钨矿与萤石、方解石浮选分离的机理进行了探讨,在此基础上对柿竹园黑白钨共生矿进行白钨浮选预富集试验研究。单矿物浮选研究表明：五种捕收剂对白钨矿、萤石和方解石均具有较好的捕收能力,浮选行为相似,可浮性差异小,这是导致白钨矿难以选择性有效回收的原因；在高碱、高水玻璃用量的浮选体系中,采用广州有色金属研究院研制的新型捕收剂TAB-3时,水玻璃对萤石有较好的抑制效果,对方解石抑制也较明显；在低碱、低水玻璃用量时,TAB-3对白钨、石英也具有较好的选择性捕收能力。采用合适的调整剂(NaOH为pH调整剂,水玻璃为抑制剂)及选择性捕收能力较强的TAB-3为捕收剂,有利于白钨矿与萤石、方解石及石英的浮选分离。对含W030.26%,脉石矿物以萤石为主、且含有方解石的柿竹园黑白钨矿采用组合调整剂TT+水玻璃、新型捕收剂TAB-3进行白钨浮选预富集小型试验,获得含WO311.70%、对原矿回收率为73.23%的预富集精矿,有效地实现了白钨矿与萤石、方解石的浮选分离。进行工业试验,钨的总回收率较原试验工艺提高了10%。由试验研究知：[SiO(OH)3-]可能是水玻璃对萤石、方解石起抑制作用的主要组分,同时溶液中还有水玻璃组分[Si(OH)4]、[SiO2(OH)22-].动电位和红外光谱结果表明：TAB-3在白钨矿表面发生化学吸附,在萤石表面发生非化学吸附,在方解石表面的吸附微弱；在白钨矿表面水玻璃以缔合羟基的形式吸附,TAB-3对白钨矿仍有较强的化学吸附；水玻璃在萤石表面以Si032-和SiO44-、方解石表面以SiO32-的形式强烈吸附,使TAB-3对萤石和方解石的吸附较差。水玻璃在白钨矿、萤石和方解石表面吸附形式和吸附强度的不同使矿物之间的可浮性差异增大。
【Abstract】 At present most tungsten beds founded in China are skarn type in which associated gangue minerals contain such as calcite, fluorite. Those minerals have similar surface chemical composition with scheelite and this depressed the selectivity on scheelite. To solve this problem, five representative collectors were examined on the flotation behaviour of scheelite, fluorite, calcite and quartz with different pH regulators and depressant sodium silicate. The mechanism between reagents and minerals is discussed by solution chemistry of flotation calculation, dynamic potential analysis, infrared spectrum analysis. Based on pure mineral results actual ore flotation of Shi Zhu yuan was carried out.Pure mineral flotation results indicate that:collectors have good collectivity for scheelite, fluorite and calcite, have similar flotation behavior and this makes it difficult to recovered scheelite effectively in the actual production; Under alkaline condition, along with the increasing dosage of sodium silicate, when using TAB-3 developed by Guangzhou Research Institute of Non-ferrous Metals, fluorite can be depressed distinctly by sodium silicate and calcite also obviously; Under low alkaline condition, with low dosage of sodium silicate, TAB-3 showing strong selective-collecting ability for scheelite and quartz. When using sodium silicate as depreesant, with NaOH as pH regulator, TAB-3 shows strong selective-collecting ability, it is advantageous to flotation separation of scheelite from fluorite, calcite and quartz.From scheelite flotation tests of a wolframite-scheelite associated、fluorite richly and calcite included ore of Shi Zhu-yuan. According to the raw ore in which with 0.26%WO3 in the form of scheelite, adopt regulators TT + sodium silicate, new collector TAB-3, mineral dressing index of scheelite pre enrichment concentrate in lab assaying WO311.70%, with recovery 73.23% was obtained, realized separation of scheelite and fluorite, calcite. Compared with former experiment technology, about more than 10% of total recovery of tungsten has been acquired.By experiment studies, SiO(OH)3-may be the main component that play the role as inhabition, meanwhile there are [Si(OH)4], [SiO2(OH)22-] of sodium silicate in solution. Dynamic potential and infrared spectrum results show that:TAB-3 can occur chemical adsorption on scheelite, non-chemical adsorption on fluorite, adsorption on calcite weakly. Sodium silicate can adsorpt on scheelite in the form of associating hydroxyl, and TAB-3 can still occur chemical adsorption; Sodium silicate can adsorpt on fluorite in the form of SiO2- and SiO44-; and calcite of SiO44-. The adsorption forms and intensity of sodium silicate enlarged the flotability differences between scheelite, fluorite and calcite.