【作者】 姜燕清；

【导师】 王毓华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从铝土矿正浮选尾矿的矿浆成分和物理化学性质研究入手,分析了铝土矿正浮选尾矿难于沉降和脱水的原因,并对其尾矿废水的回用进行了研究。通过尾矿矿浆的沉降试验,系统地考察了矿浆pH值、矿浆浓度、凝聚剂及絮凝剂等对尾矿沉降性能的影响。结果表明：颗粒表面电性是影响铝土矿浮选尾矿沉降性能的重要因素,调节pH=7左右即可实现尾矿的良好沉降；矿浆浓度是影响尾矿沉降的另一重要因素,浓度高时矿浆黏度大,颗粒难以沉降；无机凝聚剂虽能降低矿浆pH,但尾矿沉降效果仍不如采用HCl调节矿浆pH；综合考虑尾矿水的回用,pH=7时,分子量为1400万的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺能取得最佳的沉降效果；比较四种有机酸与HCl调节pH值时对铝土矿正浮选尾矿沉降性能的影响,有机酸的沉降速度高于HC1,四种有机酸中对甲苯磺酸沉降效果最好,乙醇酸次之,磺基水杨酸与抗坏血酸的效果相对较弱。单矿物及实际矿石浮选试验表明,水质对一水硬铝石单矿物及铝土矿实际矿石的浮选影响比较大。其中,用有机酸(对甲苯磺酸)调节矿浆pH时获得的尾矿回水浮选指标优于无机酸(HCl)处理后的尾矿回水。矿物表面Zeta电位和红外光谱分析表明,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺使尾矿ζ电位的绝对值降低,尾矿与阳离子型絮凝剂之间,以静电物理吸附为主。而阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺主要通过氢键吸附于高岭石及-水硬铝石表面,产生了强烈的絮凝作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the studies of the composition and the chemical and physical properties of diasporic-bauxite tailings, this paper analyzed the reason of flotation tailings of bauxite which is difficult to dewater by sedimentation, and the process of water recycling of tailings was also studied.The effects of pulp pH value, pulp concentration, coagulant and flocculant on the sediment properties of tailings were studied by the sedimentation test. The results show that surface electrical property of mineral particles is the one of the important factors which has effect on tailings sedimentation. When the pH value is equal to 7, good sedimentation results for bauxite tailings can be obtained. Concentration of tailings pulp is another important factor for tailings sedimentation. In high concentration pulp, the viscosity is too big to slow the settlement of particles. Inorganic coagulants can reduce the pH value of tailings pulp, but the sedimentation results are not as well as hydrochloric acid. Considering the water recycling, the anion polyacrylamide with the molecular weight of 14 million can present the best sedimentation result at pH=7. Comparing four kinds of organic acids with hydrochloric acid, the sedimentation velocity of tailings is faster while using four organic acids instead of hydrochloric acid. Generally, P-toluene sulfuric acid is the best, glycollic acid takes the second place, sulfosalicylic acid and ascorbic acid are relatively worse.The floatation results show that water quality plays more important role in the flotation of diaspore and bauxite ore, but better results could be produced by using organic acid (PTC) as pH value regulator than using HC1.The Zeta potential and FTIR spectrum measurements show that cationic polyacrylamide can reduce the absolute value of Zeta potential of bauxite tailings. The adsorption of cationic flocculant on tailings is mostly in the form of electrostatic physical adsorption, but the adsorption of anionic polyacrylamide on kaolinite and diaspore surface is mostly in the form of hydrogen bond adsorption and it forms stronger flocculation of tailings.更多还原