【作者】 龙东方；

【导师】 史峰；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 我国城市交通拥堵问题日趋严重。但由于交通管理手段的滞后,在城市主干道拥挤不堪时,很多支路却被闲置。采用城市支路分流主干道交通量,将支路的单向交通组织作为缓解城市交通压力的有效管理手段,优化路网结构、提高支路利用率,从而达到缓解交通拥挤的目的。本文通过分析单向交通的特征和城市道路系统中支路的建设和利用程度现状,以支路作为单向交通组织的优化对象,以减轻道路负荷水平并保障出行公平性的目标,对单向交通组织优化问题进行分析。建立了以路段饱和度超限量和车辆绕行系数最小化为目标的双层规划模型,并设计了求解模型的模拟退火算法。算例结果表明单向交通组织可以降低路段饱和度超限量,缓解干道路段的拥堵,但随着绕行系数比重的增大,路段饱和度超限量的优化能力逐渐减弱。同时对实例路网进行了单向交通组织优化的实证分析,并将优化方案与实际运行方案进行了比较。在此基础上,考虑到交叉口延误对单向交通组织和路径选择行为的影响,建立了带交叉口延误的单向交通组织优化的双层规划模型,并考虑交叉口延误对单向交通优化算法进行扩展。算例结果表明考虑交叉口延误时支路分流能力不及无交叉口延误影响时的情况,但是支路流量分布更为均衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traffic problem has become increasingly serious in our country. However, because the traffic management lags behind the traffic demand development, the arterial roads are congested while lots of branch road are left unused. Taking the advantage of branch road to distribute the arterial traffic demand, the one-way traffic of the branch can be regarded as an effective approach to alleviate urban traffic stress, which can improve the utilization of the branch road, optimize the road network configuration, and reduce the arterial pressure.By describing the one-way traffic characters and the constructing and using state of the branch road, the one-way traffic optimization of branch road was analyzed with the aims of reducing traffic load and ensuring the road equity. The bi-level programming model was established with the objectives of minimizing the portion that road saturation exceeds the anticipant saturation and vehicle detour index. Then the simulated annealing algorithm was designed to solve the be-level model. The numerical result showed that one-way traffic organization could reduce the over-saturation portion of road section, but with the increase of detour index proportion, the potential of reduced degree decreases gradually. A real network was tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. And then a contrastive analysis of the proposal solution and the practical performing solution was made.Moreover, considering the effect of intersection delay in one-way traffic organization and route choice behavior, the optimization model of one-way traffic organization with intersection delay was set up and the corresponding algorithm was developed from the existing work. The numerical result illustrated that though the distributing capacity of the branch road without considering intersection delay was less than that of considering intersection delay, the flow distribution of the former was more balanced than the latter.更多还原