【作者】 肖军治；

【导师】 黎用朝； 李小湘；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 地方稻品种是在我国数千年的稻作栽培中,在不同的生态环境条件下,经过长期的驯化与选择而形成的基因综合体。地方稻品种中含有大量已知和未知的有利基因,在育种上潜在着很大的利用价值。但是由于地方稻品种数量众多,命名随意,收集来源广泛等原因,使得保存稻种的种质库冗余太多,存在许多同名异种的材料,影响了稻种资源的研究评价和利用。本研究选取了湖南省水稻研究所种质库15组(同名称的收集样本为一组)同名异种水稻材料共计170份。从田间农艺性状、品质分析、稻瘟病抗性、耐寒性以及分子标记方面进行了评价,试验结果如下：1.通过田间试验对农艺性状的表现统计分析,15组材料中,除了L组材料外,其他各组材料内的差异均表现为显著。所考察的性状差异水平达到显著的性状数量占考察分析性状总数的88.9%。2.稻瘟病抗性试验中只有B7、F22材料达到了中抗以上的水平,其余材料均表现为不同程度的感病,经2年重复鉴定,B7的抗病等级确定为3级。3.芽期耐寒性试验中,C1和C3材料的抗寒性较同组同名材料差异较大,活苗率分别为62.0%和44.7%；与湘糯1号耐寒性对比试验,确定这两个材料抗寒性C1较强,C3次之。4.SSR分子标记鉴定试验所选用的引物在同名材料中的多态性在10.38%-24.72%之间,绝大部分的材料遗传物质表现存在差异。5.根据SSR分子标记聚类图,并且结合农艺性状聚类图、农艺品质性状、抗性表现,最终从14组同名材料中选取了50份材料作为核心种质,占材料总数的30.5%。筛选出的核心种质,通过其他农艺性状和稻瘟病抗性等级的验证,极差、平均值、标准差和变异系数相对比原始群体的数据,变化不大,有55%的变异系数有所提高。最后本论文展望了种质资源研究未来的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Local rice varieties are gene complex formed by long-term domestication and selection in China thousands of years of rice cultivation and different ecological environments. The type of local rice is the most colorful in the rice. Contains a lot of favorable known and unknown genes, local rice varieties have great potential use value in the breeding. Now the large area of application of improved varieties, mainly rely on the discovery and utilization of favorable genes in local varieties. Due to the large number of local rice varieties, named arbitrarily, sources collection widely and other reasons, there are too many redundancy varieties affected the research, evaluation and utilization in rice germplasm resources.15 groups (same name in one group) of heterogeneous with same name in Hunan Province Heterogeneous Gene Pool with a total of 170 rice materials are used in this research. Through a variety of processing methods including field testing, quality analysis, blast test, cold resistance test and molecular marker-assisted identification of means, the main test results are as follows:1.15 groups of materials other than the L group showed significant differences through statistical analysis of the agronomic traits performance by field test. The number of characters which traits were inspected significantly different take up 88.9％of total characters investigated.2. Only F22 and B7 reached the level of anti or above in the blast resistance test comparing the other materials are susceptible to different degrees.B7 determined to be resistance level 3 through 2 years repeated identification.3. Cl and C3 was total different compared with other materials in the same group, with the living rate were 62.0% and 44.7%. these two materials Cl was more stronger than C3 in cold resistance test through comparison test with Xiangnuo 1.4. Polymorphism of heterogeneous with same name are between 10.38%-24.72% through SSR Markers identification test which means most of the material are different in the genetic material performance.5.50 materials which take up 30.5% of total material were selected as a core collection through 14 groups heterogeneous with same name based on SSR markers clustering map and combined with agronomic traits clustering map, agronomic quality traits, resistance performance.The core collection showed little change than the original group in poor, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation beside that 55% coefficient of variation increased.This article finally looks into the future of the development of germplasm resources researches direction.更多还原