【作者】 罗强；

【导师】 李畅游；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 乌梁素海正在遭受盐化污染、重金属污染、有机污染、面积萎缩、水量减少、富营养化污染和生态系统破坏等水生态环境问题,其中富营养化问题及藻类“水华”灾害尤为突出。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,针对以上环境问题,引入“3S”技术对乌梁素海水质参数进行了反演,研究了乌梁素海富营养化发展趋势和湿地沼泽化变化特征。利用ArcGIS地统计分析模块对常见插值模型进行插值精度对比,IDW插值结果出现较严重“牛眼”分布模式,普通克里格和简单格里格模型经过模型交叉性精度检验没有泛克里格方法的精度高,最终选取了泛克里格插值模型对水质参数进行了插值。结果表明:乌梁素海水体中富营养化指标、有机污染指标、矿化度指标空间分布具有明显的空间变异性;定量的统计出各水质参数超标发生的面积。根据乌梁素海实测遥感光谱特征,确定了湖泊水质指标敏感波段,建立了实测光谱的单波段和波段组合的叶绿素a浓度遥感定量估算模型;以Landsat系列数据为基础,提取了监测点的反射率,结合多年来地面实测水质数据,建立了叶绿素a、TP、透明度的遥感估测模型,并对反演效果进行了检验;在此基础上,对乌梁素海水体营养状况现状进行了遥感定量评价。运用卫星遥感影像及常规调查分析方法,查明了湖泊沼泽化进程中驱动因素主要受水文条件、水生植物分布、水质状况、底泥淤积程度等影响,面积萎缩主要集中在湖泊的西岸和北部的小海子区域,湖底正在以6-9毫米/年的速度抬高,芦苇群落由岸边向湖心推进,加剧了湖泊沼泽化的进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently, the Wuliangsuhai lake is suffering from Stalinization pollution, heavy metal pollution, organic pollution, area atrophy, reduced water eutrophication and ecosystem destruction, which are becoming increasingly serious these days, especially, the eutrophication and algae "blooms"disaster. In this paper, based on the results of previous studies firstly, water quality parameters of the Wuliangsuhai lake was retrieved with the help of "3S" technology. Then the development trend of eutrophication and the variation of wetland marshes of the Lake were studied.Using ArcGIS geostatistical analysis module to compare interpolation accuracy of the common interpolation model, the result of the IDW interpolation indicated that there was a more serious "bull’s-eye" distribution pattern. Accroding to Kriging cross-validation , Ordinary Kriging and Simple Kriging Interpolation model is not accurate as the Kriging interpolation, so, finally, the Kriging interpolation model was selected to interpolate parameters of water quality.The results show that there was significant spatial variability in the spatial distribution of Lake eutrophication index, organic pollution and salinity indicators. The statistics of the occurrence of water quality parameters exceeded quantitative of the areasAccording to the analysis of Wuliangsuhai remote sensing spectral characteristics, this thesis gave the explanation about the selection process of sensitive indicators of lake water quality specified band and Establishment of quantitative remote sensing estimation models which was the combination of a single-band and measured spectral of chlorophyll-a concentration band, Based on the Landsats series data and the analysis of spectral features in the Lake District and multi-spectral bands, Extracted the reflectivity of monitoring points and combined Over the years water quality data, I Established the remote sensing estimation models of chlorophyll-a, TP and transparent, The thesis also gave the effects of the inversion testUsing the satellite remote sensing images and conventional survey methods, the driving elements of the swampiness process was mainly affected by hydrological conditions, the distribution of aquatic plants, water quality and the sediment degree,lakes area decreasing was mainly concentrated in Xiaohaizi in the West Bank and the north area. The elevation of lake bottom was increasing 6-9 mm every year the rapid growth of reeds from the shore to the lake center, Speed up the process of swampiness of Wuliangsuhai.更多还原