大型龙门机床自动换刀技术研究

【作者】 赵爱娜；

【导师】 何勇；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自动换刀装置是加工中心的重要辅助加工装置,其内部高速功能部件的发展与应用极大地提高生产效率。在实际加工中,生产商要求更高的切削速度和逐步缩短换刀时间,换刀速度也相应地成为当代加工中心水平高低的重要指标。为了适应机床业高速发展和客户不断要求更高生产效率的需求,自动换刀技术成为机床制造商相继研发的关键课题之一。对龙门机床的自动换刀装置进行总结,配置带机械手的自动换刀装置,对机械手、刀库的情况进行讨论,为研究提供一个硬件基础。本文在充分调研国内外加工中心自动换刀技术研究现状的基础上研究高速加工使用的联接刀柄,现有刀柄和实际需求等多因素综合分析选定HSK刀柄的型号和规格；根据国际标准建立HSK刀柄和HSK工具系统的实体模型,并对HSK工具系统的工作原理进行分析；进行锥面联接分析前需建立有限元模型。进行HSK刀柄/主轴联接性能分析,通过研究各个参数对联接锥面的接触应力和锥面间隙的影响情况,建立不同参数变化下锥面接触应力图和间隙图,进而分析各个参数对锥面联接的影响情况。基于锥面联接可靠定位的条件,得出标准刀柄不能满足锥面定位可靠的需求。为了满足锥面联接可靠定位,提出两种改进结构的可行方案,对其结构进行联接性能分析,综合考虑这两个方案确定刀柄结构,进行动平衡计算和验证,理论计算得出该结构存在动不平衡量,采用离线测试,确定动不平衡量得位置和相位,借助平衡孔达到动平衡要求。分析联接锥面的可靠性,进行可靠度判断,分析换刀速度与可靠性关系,换刀速度通过换刀时间衡量,可靠性由可靠度衡量,建立换刀速度-可靠性曲线,分析换刀速度与成本关系,建立换刀速度-成本曲线。更多还原

【Abstract】 Automatic tool changer is an important auxiliary processing device on machine tool, whose internal high-speed development and application of functional components dramatically improve the production efficiency. In the cutting, the short cutting time and high cutting speed are requested, and gradually the requirement of the exchange tool time is rised, the speed of exchange tool are becoming high levels of representative indicator in the contemporary machining center. Each processing center are making their focus on the automatic tool change technology for competition. Automatic tool changer of gantry machine are summarized, and the configuration with tool changer manipulator and tool container are introduced. It provides a hardware foundation for the study.The article on the basis of investigation on the development and research status of domestic and foreign automatic tool change technology, research linkage shank of using on the high-speed machining, comprehensive analyzing the application scope of selected HSK shank’s various sizes and machine tool equipment with parameters to select high shank. According to international standard, HSK shank model and HSK tool system model are established, and work principle of HSK tool system is analyzed.Through analyzing shank/spindle linkage/coupling performance and studying the various parameters on the performance of the coupling taper surface, it can obtain that each parameter has how effect on coupling. Based on the cone coupling’s reliable conditions, it is concluded that the standard shank can’t satisfy the coupling performance requirements. Improved structure is analyzed about cone coupling performance. If optimized structure meets performance, dynamic balance will be sensed. If dynamic unbalance of the structure exists, it requires the balance hole to compensate equilibrium requirements.By analyzing the joining reliability of the shank and spindle relationship between speed and reliability, simultaneously the margin of safety judgment is carried. The reliability of tool changing speed-curve is established. One cutter replacement rate weighs through cutter replacement time measurement and the reliability weighs by the margin of safety. Through the analysis of the cutter replacement speed and cost relationship, a tool change speed-cost curve is established.更多还原