【作者】 周月明；

【导师】 师庆东；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 环境科学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 森林是陆地生态系统的主体,被称为"地球之肺",对污染物具有净化缓冲作用的过滤器效应,是森林生态系统所具有的重要生态服务功能之一。近年来,由于人类活动的加剧,脆弱的西北干旱区大气环境受到了剧烈扰动,对大气环境质量产生了显著的影响。天山云杉（Picea schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey. P.schrenkiana）为裸子植物松科常绿乔木-雪岭云杉的变种,是新疆森林的主要组成部分,对新疆的山地森林净化空气功能起着主导作用。本研究主要以天山北坡山地森林雪岭云杉针叶林为研究对象,对山地森林云杉针叶林环境空气中的降尘、总悬浮颗粒物进行（2009.5～2009.10）定期的监测,以及对特征污染物SO2在不同海拔高度云杉林叶片中的含量进行初步监测和对特征污染物NOx月季变化进行特征分析,以此评价森林过滤及净化空气污染物的功能及估算乌鲁木齐山地森林的生态服务价值,并分析了山地森林净化乌鲁木齐空气特征污染物的贡献率。主要研究结论如下:（1）森林滞尘特征;云杉林可以有效地截滞大气中的颗粒物,且郁闭度越高,截尘量越大。六、七月份,林地较对照区截尘量增加最大、最小值分别是4.88 g/m2·30d,增加34.8%、2.25g/m2·30d,增加20.3%;乌鲁木齐天然森林每月滞尘量分别约为1558.20t、2038.40t;乌鲁木齐天然森林滞尘生态系统服务价值每月分别为2.65×105万元、3.47×105万元。（2）森林对总悬浮颗粒物净化特征;云杉林总悬浮颗粒物浓度林内要远远大于林外。六、七月份,林内每立方空气中可多阻留总悬浮颗粒物0.038-0.052mg;云杉林空气中总悬浮颗粒物浓度达到环境空气质量标准日平均一级标准。（3）森林对二氧化硫净化量分析及树叶中氮含量月季变化特征分析;在海拔梯度上,推算出树木对硫的吸收量最大、最小分别为0.74 mg·g^-1,0.11 mg·g^-1,不同海拔梯度与树叶中硫含量进行相关性分析,相关系数（R）为0.642,显著性（双侧）为0.169,表现为相关性不显著;森林净化SO2生态系统服务价值为0.25万元;雪岭云杉林叶片中的氮含量大致呈现夏秋高,冬春低的倾向,受特征污染物影响不明显。（4）山地森林对乌鲁木齐大气环境的贡献率。乌鲁木齐大气环境择区域中的特征污染物进行ADMS模型预测天山北坡山地森林对周围的贡献率,山地森林可以容纳特征污染物SO2和NOx的浓度分别为0.014 mg/m3、0.010 mg/m3,山地森林净化乌鲁木齐特征污染物SO2、NOx分别为13.1%、14.6%。以上结论表明:天山北坡山地森林是一个潜力巨大的空气过滤器,其对污染物净化功能效果显著。本论文的研究结论可为评价森林净化空气功能提供思路与方法,为今后干旱区林业经营与管理工作提供理论依据,同时可为森林的可持续发展、社会经济发展和环境建设提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The forest is the subject of terrestrial ecosystem, called "the lungs of our planet," For contamination has Purification buffer role of the filter effect is forest ecological system with one of the important ecological service function. In recent years, due to human activity intensifies, fragile northwest arid atmospheric environment was violent disturbances of atmospheric environment quality, produced significant impact. Tianshan spruce（Picea schrenkiana Fisch.et Mey. P.schrenkiana） for gymnosperms sonko evergreen trees - snow ridge spruce varieties, is the main component of xinjiang forest of xinjiang, the mountain forest purify air function plays a leading role. This research mainly to north tianshan mountain forest hills spruce coniferous forest as the research object, the air environment of coniferous forest dust, total suspended particles regular monitoring （2009.5 2009.10）and and the characteristics of different altitude SO2 pollutants in the content YunShaLin preliminary monitoring and feature pollutants analysis of characteristics of change of rose NOx, to evaluate the filter and purify to forest the function of air pollutants, and estimation of mountain forest ecosystem service value, and analyzes the characteristics of mountainous forests purification urumqi contribution of air pollutants. The main research conclusions are as follows:（1）The dust features:YunShaLin can effectively cut atmospheric particulates viscous, and the higher the crown density, cut the dust capacity. in June and July, woodlands than control area cut dust capacity increases the maximum and minimum value respectively is 4.88 g/m2, and increase 34.8%、225 g/m2·30d, increase 20.3%,; every month sluggish dust capacity respectively about 1558.20 t、2038.40 t; Forest ecosystems service value hysteresis dust respectively is 2.65×105million yuan, 3.47×105million yuan RMB.（2）Total suspended particle purification features: YunShan total suspended particle concentration is more than outside Forest. in June and in July, Every forest cubic air can Resistance total suspended particles is 0.038 - 0.052 mg; YunShan total suspended particles in the air environmental air quality standard concentrations reach daily average level standard.（3）Sulfu purification quantity analysis and Nitrogen variation characteristics analysis: at an altitude of gradient, calculate the uptake of the trees unto largest and smallest sulfur respectively is 0.74 mg·g^-1,0.11 mg·g^-1 . different elevations gradient and relevant analysis leaves sulfur, correlation coefficient （R） is 0.642, significant （bilateral） is 0.169, performance for no significant correlation, ecosystem service value of sulfur dioxide purification is 0.25 million yuan; YunShan nitrogen content of leaves roughly between present high summer, the characteristics of low tendency to have no obvious impact on pollutants.（4） The mountain forest the contribution of urumqi atmospheric environment.The features of atmospheric environment in urumqi choose regional model predicted ADMS pollutants in north tianshan mountain forest around the contaminant, the contribution of the concentration of the mountain forest respectively is 0.014mg/m3,0.010 mg/m3,Mountain forest purification urumqi sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides feature pollutants is 13.1%, 14.6%.Above conclusions show that north tianshan mountain forest is a huge potential for the air filter, its effect is remarkable. This paper research results can purify air function for evaluating the forest to provide ideas and methods for future business and management work arid forestry, also can provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development of forest and social economic development and environment construction provides scientific basis.更多还原